Abstract
A study was carried out at the Yongka Western Highlands Research Garden Park, NkwenBamenda in Cameroon to evaluate the effect of substrates on the germination and seedling emergence of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Seeds of African Giant variety were used with six substrate media (sawdust, sand, soil, sawdustsand, sawdustsoil and sandsoil). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. Germinated seeds were counted daily for a 15 days period. To estimate seedling emergence from two Weeks After Sowing (WAS) up to four WAS, data on seedling height and number of leaves were recorded. The results showed that germination started 8 days after sowing for all substrates. Germination rate was significantly affected by the substrates but the rates were less than 80%. The highest germination rate was recorded on the soil substrate (75%) while the lowest rate (25%) was recorded on the sawdust substrate. Seedlings on the sawdust substrate were also less vigorous and had less leaves (12.67 cm height and 4.7 leaves) than those on other substrates at four WAS (50–63 cm and 12.6–15.3 leaves). Based on the results, it is recommendable to use the soil substrate to nurse African Giant seeds.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Germination began eight days after sowing for every substrate.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 8 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination started 8 days after sowing for all substrates”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate significantly affected germination rate, which stayed below 80%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- substratese0
- Outcome
- Germination ratee0
- Value
- less than 80%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination rate was significantly affected by the substrates but the rates were less than 80%”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil gave the highest germination rate, 75%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- soil substratee0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest germination rate was recorded on the soil substrate (75%)”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust gave the lowest germination rate, 25%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- sawdust substratee0
- Outcome
- ratee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest rate (25%) was recorded on the sawdust substrate”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust seedlings were shorter at four weeks than seedlings on other substrates.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- Seedlingse0
- Treatment
- sawdust substratee0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- less vigorouse0
- Value
- 12.67 cme0
- Comparator
- other substratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings on the sawdust substrate were also less vigorous and had less leaves (12.67 cm height and 4.7 leaves) than those on other substrates at four WAS (50–63 cm and 12.6–15.3 leaves)”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust seedlings had fewer leaves than other substrate seedlings at four weeks.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- Seedlingse0
- Treatment
- sawdust substratee0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 4.7 leavese0
- Comparator
- other substratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings on the sawdust substrate were also less vigorous and had less leaves (12.67 cm height and 4.7 leaves) than those on other substrates at four WAS (50–63 cm and 12.6–15.3 leaves)”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend soil substrate for nursing African Giant seeds.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- African Giante0
- Outcome
- use the soil substrate to nurse African Giant seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommendable to use the soil substrate to nurse African Giant seeds”
t0“sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.