Abstract
Palmer amaranth and waterhemp have become increasingly troublesome weeds throughout the United States. Both species are highly adaptable and emerge continuously throughout the summer months, presenting the need for a residual PRE application in soybean. To improve season-long control of Amaranthus spp., 19 PRE treatments were evaluated on glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in 2013 and 2014 at locations in Arkansas, Indiana, Nebraska, Illinois, and Tennessee; and on glyphosate-resistant waterhemp at locations in Illinois, Missouri, and Nebraska. The two Amaranthus species were analyzed separately; data for each species were pooled across site-years, and site-year was included as a random variable in the analyses. The dissipation of weed control throughout the course of the experiments was compared among treatments with the use of regression analysis where percent weed control was described as a function of time (the number of weeks after treatment [WAT]). At the mean (i.e., average) WAT (4.3 and 3.2 WAT for Palmer amaranth and waterhemp, respectively) isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzin had the highest predicted control of Palmer amaranth (98%) and waterhemp (99%). Isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzin, S -metolachlor + mesotrione, and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone had a predicted control ≥ 97% and similar model parameter estimates, indicating control declined at similar rates for these treatments. Dicamba and 2,4-D provided some, short-lived residual control of Amaranthus spp. When dicamba was added to metribuzin or S -metolachlor, control increased compared to dicamba alone. Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, a currently labeled PRE, performed similarly to treatments containing isoxaflutole or mesotrione. Additional sites of action will provide soybean growers more opportunities to control these weeds and reduce the potential for herbicide resistance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Isoxaflutole mixture had 98% predicted Palmer amaranth control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzine0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- control of Palmer amaranthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 98%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzin had the highest predicted control of Palmer amaranth (98%) and waterhemp (99%).”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoxaflutole mixture had 99% predicted waterhemp control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzine0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhempe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 99%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzin had the highest predicted control of Palmer amaranth (98%) and waterhemp (99%).”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoxaflutole mixture had predicted control at least 97% and a similar decline rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzine0
- Outcome
- predicted controle0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- ≥ 97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzin, S -metolachlor + mesotrione, and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone had a predicted control ≥ 97% and similar model parameter estimates, indicating control declined at similar rates for these treatments.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor plus mesotrione had predicted control at least 97% and a similar decline rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- S -metolachlor + mesotrionee0
- Outcome
- predicted controle0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- ≥ 97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzin, S -metolachlor + mesotrione, and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone had a predicted control ≥ 97% and similar model parameter estimates, indicating control declined at similar rates for these treatments.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone had predicted control at least 97% and a similar decline rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- flumioxazin + pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- predicted controle0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- ≥ 97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isoxaflutole + S -metolachlor + metribuzin, S -metolachlor + mesotrione, and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone had a predicted control ≥ 97% and similar model parameter estimates, indicating control declined at similar rates for these treatments.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba gave short-lived residual Amaranthus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Dicambae0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=60)
Amaranthuse0weed - Outcome
- residual control of Amaranthus spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba and 2,4-D provided some, short-lived residual control of Amaranthus spp.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D gave short-lived residual Amaranthus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0weed
- Outcome
- residual control of Amaranthus spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba and 2,4-D provided some, short-lived residual control of Amaranthus spp.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding dicamba to metribuzin increased control versus dicamba alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- dicamba was added to metribuzine0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- dicamba alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When dicamba was added to metribuzin or S -metolachlor, control increased compared to dicamba alone.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding dicamba to S-metolachlor increased control versus dicamba alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- S -metolachlore0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- dicamba alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When dicamba was added to metribuzin or S -metolachlor, control increased compared to dicamba alone.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone performed similarly to isoxaflutole-containing treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- performed similarlye0
- Direction
- similarlye0
- Comparator
- treatments containing isoxaflutole or mesotrionee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, a currently labeled PRE, performed similarly to treatments containing isoxaflutole or mesotrione.”
e1“PRE application in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
More herbicide sites of action could expand soybean weed-control choices and reduce resistance potential.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- more opportunities to control these weeds and reduce the potential for herbicide resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional sites of action will provide soybean growers more opportunities to control these weeds and reduce the potential for herbicide resistance.”
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See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.