Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2008 and 2009 at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Ag- ricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir to study the effect of fertility levels, mulching and weed management practices on the microclimate of crop, soil temperature, phenological changes and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications and consisted of four treatments viz; N , N + Azotobacter, N , and N + Azotobacter in main plots and five treatments viz; polyethylene mulch, 90 90 120 120 straw mulch @ 1.0 tonne/ha, hand weeding at 30 and 60 DAS, atrazine @1.0 kg a.i./ha and weedy check in sub- plots. Results revealed that N + Azotobacter produced grain yields at par with N , resulting in saving of 30 kg N/ 90 120 ha. Highest grain yield 5.14 t/ha, stover and biological yield with concomitant increase in yield attributes viz; num- ber of cobs/plant, number of rows/cob, number of grains/row, cob length, cob diameter, 1,000-grains weight was obtained with polyethylene mulch. Polyethylene mulch also helped plants to reach phenological stages two to four days earlier as compared to unweeded check. Percentage of light interception by crop at the middle of the canopy was maximum with N + Azotobacter, more than other fertility levels. However, N treatment recorded the high- 120 90 est percentage of light interception among all the fertility levels, when recorded at the bottom of the canopy. Light interception was most with polyethylene mulch among all the weed control treatments when recorded at the middle of the canopy, whereas it was most with weedy check treatment when recorded at the bottom of the canopy. The peak values for the interception of radiation were observed at 90 DAS. The soil temperature in the polyethylene mulched plots was 680C higher as compared to un-mulched plots. Modification of crop ecology through polyethylene mulch and straw mulch resulted in 73.4% and 72.6% more grain yield, respectively, as com- pared to uncontrolled weedy check. Benefit cost ratio was the highest with N + Azotobacter and atrazine @ 1.0 120 kg/ha, respectively.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
N plus Azotobacter produced grain yield at par with another N level, saving 30 kg N/ ha.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N + Azotobacter produced grain yields at par with N , resulting in saving of 30 kg N/”
e1“30 kg N/ 90 120 ha”
e2“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene mulch produced the highest maize grain yield of 5.14 t/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain yield 5.14 t/ha, stover and biological yield”
e1“was obtained with polyethylene mulch”
e2“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene mulch gave the highest stover and biological yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain yield 5.14 t/ha, stover and biological yield”
e1“was obtained with polyethylene mulch”
e2“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene mulch increased maize cob and grain yield attributes.
- Treatment
- polyethylene mulche0
- Outcome
- num- ber of cobs/plant, number of rows/cob, number of grains/rowe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concomitant increase in yield attributes viz; num- ber of cobs/plant, number of rows/cob, number of grains/row, cob length, cob diameter, 1,000-grains weight was obtained with polyethylene mulch”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene mulch advanced phenological stages by two to four days versus unweeded check.
- Treatment
- Polyethylene mulche0
- Outcome
- phenological stagese0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- two to four dayse0
- Comparator
- unweeded checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polyethylene mulch also helped plants to reach phenological stages two to four days earlier as compared to unweeded check”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N plus Azotobacter gave maximum middle-canopy light interception.
- Treatment
- N + Azotobactere0
- Outcome
- Percentage of light interceptione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- other fertility levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of light interception by crop at the middle of the canopy was maximum with N + Azotobacter, more than other fertility levels”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The stated N treatment had highest bottom-canopy light interception.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N treatment recorded the high- 120 90 est percentage of light interception among all the fertility levels, when recorded at the bottom of the canopy”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene mulch gave the most middle-canopy light interception among weed control treatments.
- Treatment
- polyethylene mulche0
- Outcome
- Light interceptione0
- Direction
- moste0
- Comparator
- all the weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light interception was most with polyethylene mulch among all the weed control treatments when recorded at the middle of the canopy”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check gave most bottom-canopy light interception.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was most with weedy check treatment when recorded at the bottom of the canopy”
e1“Light interception was most with polyethylene mulch”
e2“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation interception peaked at 90 DAS.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The peak values for the interception of radiation were observed at 90 DAS”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene mulch raised soil temperature relative to unmulched plots.
- Treatment
- polyethylene mulched plotse0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 680Ce0
- Comparator
- un-mulched plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil temperature in the polyethylene mulched plots was 680C higher as compared to un-mulched plots”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene mulch raised grain yield 73.4% against weedy check.
- Treatment
- polyethylene mulche0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 73.4%e0
- Comparator
- uncontrolled weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“polyethylene mulch and straw mulch resulted in 73.4% and 72.6% more grain yield, respectively, as com- pared to uncontrolled weedy check”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw mulch raised grain yield 72.6% against weedy check.
- Treatment
- straw mulche0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 72.6%e0
- Comparator
- uncontrolled weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“polyethylene mulch and straw mulch resulted in 73.4% and 72.6% more grain yield, respectively, as com- pared to uncontrolled weedy check”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest benefit-cost ratio among fertility treatments was with N plus Azotobacter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit cost ratio was the highest with N + Azotobacter and atrazine @ 1.0 120 kg/ha, respectively”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest benefit-cost ratio among weed control treatments was with atrazine.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit cost ratio was the highest with N + Azotobacter and atrazine @ 1.0 120 kg/ha, respectively”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- no effect
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See all 364 papers →organic · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
369 papers more in this group
See all 373 papers →mulching · quality: phytochemicals · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.