Abstract
Core Ideas Rice grain‐Zn concentration increased with more aerobic soil conditions. Fertilizer‐Zn applied to soil had limited effect on rice grain‐Zn concentration. Rice paddy water management affected soil redox potential and DTPA‐extractable Zn. Combined water and Zn management are useful for agronomic Zn biofortification. Agronomic biofortification was not sufficient to meet rice Zn nutrition targets. Increasing rice ( Oryza sativa ) grain‐Zn concentration is important for achieving improved human nutrition. Our objective was to understand how agronomic management practices, including water management and fertilizer‐Zn application rate and timing, affect plant growth, grain‐Zn concentration, and yield of rice genotypes. In a series of four‐field experiments over three seasons, we tested multiple combinations of water management techniques and fertilizer‐Zn application techniques. The use of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management increased ( p < 0.001) soil redox potential and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)‐extractable soil Zn compared with continuous flooding (CF) in the 0‐ to 2‐cm soil depth, but not always in the 2‐ to 10‐cm depth. On average, AWD grain‐Zn concentration increased 9% over CF without any yield penalty. Fertilizer‐Zn application increased DTPA‐extractable Zn only in the top soil layer and only temporarily, with a corresponding increase in grain‐Zn concentration only at rates > 10 kg Zn ha −1 . Different timings of fertilizer‐Zn application (from basal to flowering) had no effect on grain‐Zn concentration or yield. Overall, our results indicated that AWD had a consistent and larger positive effect than fertilizer‐Zn application on grain‐Zn concentration. However, the increase in grain‐Zn concentration due to fertilizer‐Zn or water management was small, up to 2 mg Zn kg −1 brown rice, implying that improved agronomic management alone is not sufficient to meet the target increase of at least 10 mg Zn kg −1 , but is a useful complementary strategy for enhancing the performance of Zn‐enriched rice by improving soil‐Zn availability.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying increased soil redox potential compared with continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water managemente1
- Outcome
- soil redox potentiale1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- continuous flooding (CF)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e1“The use of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management increased ( p < 0.001) soil redox potential”
e2“compared with continuous flooding (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying increased DTPA-extractable soil zinc compared with continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water managemente1
- Outcome
- extractable soil Zne3
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- continuous flooding (CF)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e1“The use of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management increased ( p < 0.001) soil redox potential”
e2“compared with continuous flooding (CF)”
e3“extractable soil Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying increased rice grain zinc concentration by 9% over continuous flooding without a yield penalty.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe4
- Outcome
- grain‐Zn concentratione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 9%e4
- Qualifier
- without any yield penaltye4
- Comparator
- CFe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e4“AWD grain‐Zn concentration increased 9% over CF without any yield penalty”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer zinc at rates above 10 kg Zn/ha increased rice grain zinc concentration.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rates > 10 kg Zn ha −1e5
- Outcome
- grain‐Zn concentratione5
- Direction
- increasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e5“with a corresponding increase in grain‐Zn concentration only at rates > 10 kg Zn ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer zinc application increased DTPA-extractable zinc only in the top soil layer and only temporarily.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer‐Zn applicatione6
- Outcome
- DTPA‐extractable Zne6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- only in the top soil layere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e6“Fertilizer‐Zn application increased DTPA‐extractable Zn only in the top soil layer and only temporarily”
Claim · model-written summary
Timing of fertilizer zinc application from basal to flowering had no effect on rice grain zinc concentration or yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Different timings of fertilizer‐Zn application (from basal to flowering)e7
- Outcome
- grain‐Zn concentration or yielde7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e7“Different timings of fertilizer‐Zn application (from basal to flowering) had no effect on grain‐Zn concentration or yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying had a more consistent and larger positive effect on rice grain zinc than fertilizer zinc application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- grain‐Zn concentratione1
- Direction
- largere1
- Comparator
- fertilizer‐Zn applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e1“AWD had a consistent and larger positive effect than fertilizer‐Zn application on grain‐Zn concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in rice grain zinc from fertilizer or water management was small, up to 2 mg Zn/kg brown rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- increase in grain‐Zn concentratione1
- Value
- 2 mg Zn kg −1e1
- Qualifier
- smalle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e1“the increase in grain‐Zn concentration due to fertilizer‐Zn or water management was small, up to 2 mg Zn kg −1 brown rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved agronomic management alone is not sufficient to meet the target increase of at least 10 mg Zn/kg in rice grain.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- meet the target increase of at least 10 mg Zn kg −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e1“improved agronomic management alone is not sufficient to meet the target increase of at least 10 mg Zn kg −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined agronomic management is a useful complementary strategy for enhancing the performance of Zn-enriched rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- enhancing the performance of Zn‐enriched ricee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enriching Rice Grain Zinc”
e1“a useful complementary strategy for enhancing the performance of Zn‐enriched rice”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
51 papers more in this group
See all 55 papers →irrigation · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
118 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.