Abstract
Heat stress is a major limiting factor for growth of cool-season perennial grass species, and mechanisms of heat tolerance have not been well understood. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant enzyme and hormone metabolism responses to heat stress in two kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) cultivars contrasting in heat tolerance. The plants were subjected to 20/20 °C [day/night (control)] or 38/30 °C [day/night (heat stress)] for 28 days in growth chambers. Heat stress increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with heat-tolerant cultivar EverGlade exhibiting lower levels of EL and MDA relative to heat-sensitive cultivar Kenblue under heat stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity increased and then declined during 28 days of heat stress. Peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity declined and then increased during heat stress. ‘EverGlade’ had greater activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APX relative to ‘Kenblue’ under heat stress. In addition, ‘EverGlade’ had two additional SOD isozymes and three additional POD isozymes relative to ‘Kenblue’ under heat stress. Leaf abscisic acid (ABA) increased in response to heat stress. Leaf indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased and then declined during heat stress. ‘OverGlade’ had higher ABA and IAA content relative to ‘Kenblue’. At the end of heat stress, leaf IAA and ABA content were 27.8% and 73% higher in ‘EverGlade’ relative to ‘Kenblue’, respectively. The results indicated that antioxidant enzymes and the hormones (ABA and IAA) were associated with kentucky bluegrass heat tolerance. Selection and use of cultivars with higher IAA and ABA content and greater antioxidant enzyme activities may improve kentucky bluegrass growth and quality under heat stress.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased leaf electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrass
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensist0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with heat-tolerant cultivar EverGlade exhibiting lower levels of EL and MDA relative to heat-sensitive cultivar Kenblue under heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased leaf malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with heat-tolerant cultivar EverGlade exhibiting lower levels of EL and MDA relative to heat-sensitive cultivar Kenblue under heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
EverGlade had lower EL and MDA than Kenblue under heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- EverGladee0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- EL and MDAe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat-tolerant cultivar EverGlade exhibiting lower levels of EL and MDA relative to heat-sensitive cultivar Kenblue under heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD and CAT activities rose and then fell during 28 days of heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activitye0
- Direction
- increased and then declinede0
- Qualifier
- 28 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity increased and then declined during 28 days of heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
POD and APX activities fell and then rose during heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- Peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activitye0
- Direction
- declined and then increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity declined and then increased during heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
EverGlade had greater SOD, CAT, POD and APX activities than Kenblue under heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- EverGladee0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APXe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘EverGlade’ had greater activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APX relative to ‘Kenblue’ under heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
EverGlade had two extra SOD isozymes under heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- EverGladee0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- SOD isozymese0
- Direction
- additionale0
- Value
- twoe0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘EverGlade’ had two additional SOD isozymes and three additional POD isozymes relative to ‘Kenblue’ under heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
EverGlade had three extra POD isozymes under heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- EverGladee0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- POD isozymese0
- Direction
- additionale0
- Value
- threee0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘EverGlade’ had two additional SOD isozymes and three additional POD isozymes relative to ‘Kenblue’ under heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased leaf ABA.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- Leaf abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf abscisic acid (ABA) increased in response to heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf IAA increased then declined during heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- Leaf indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Direction
- increased and then declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased and then declined during heat stress.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivar called OverGlade was reported to have higher ABA than Kenblue.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- OverGladee0
- Outcome
- ABAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘OverGlade’ had higher ABA and IAA content relative to ‘Kenblue’.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivar called OverGlade was reported to have higher IAA than Kenblue.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- OverGladee0
- Outcome
- IAA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘OverGlade’ had higher ABA and IAA content relative to ‘Kenblue’.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At the end of heat stress, EverGlade had 27.8% higher leaf IAA than Kenblue.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- EverGladee0
- Outcome
- leaf IAAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27.8%e0
- Qualifier
- At the end of heat stresse0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of heat stress, leaf IAA and ABA content were 27.8% and 73% higher in ‘EverGlade’ relative to ‘Kenblue’, respectively.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At the end of heat stress, EverGlade had 73% higher leaf ABA than Kenblue.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensist0
- Material
- EverGladee0
- Outcome
- ABA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 73%e0
- Qualifier
- At the end of heat stresse0
- Comparator
- Kenbluee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of heat stress, leaf IAA and ABA content were 27.8% and 73% higher in ‘EverGlade’ relative to ‘Kenblue’, respectively.”
t0“kentucky bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities and ABA and IAA were associated with heat tolerance.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise0
- Compound
- ABA and IAAe0
- Outcome
- heat tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that antioxidant enzymes and the hormones (ABA and IAA) were associated with kentucky bluegrass heat tolerance.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest selecting cultivars with higher IAA and ABA and greater antioxidant activity for growth and quality under heat stress.
- Taxon
- kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise0
- Outcome
- growth and qualitye0
- Qualifier
- higher IAA and ABA content and greater antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selection and use of cultivars with higher IAA and ABA content and greater antioxidant enzyme activities may improve kentucky bluegrass growth and quality under heat stress.”
The same questions in other papers
heat · physiology: oxidative · Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.