Abstract
Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey `Pinto Red' plants were fertilized with equal amounts of N, P, and K derived from: 1) 100% constant liquid fertilization (CLF); 2) 50% CLF plus 50% controlled-release fertilizer (CRF); or 3) 100% CRF per pot and irrigated using hand (HD), microtube (MT), ebb-and-flow (EF), or capillary mat (CM) irrigation systems. The treatment receiving 100% CRF produced greater total dry weights, and released lower concentrations of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, and PO 4 -P in the run-off than the 100% CLF treatment. The percentage of N lost as run-off was greatly reduced with the use of CRF. MT irrigation produced the greatest plant growth and HD irrigation produced the least. The EF system was the most water efficient, with only 4.7% of water lost as run-off. Combining the water-efficient EF system with the nutrient-efficient CRF produced the greatest percentage of N retained by plants and medium (90.7) and the lowest percentage of N lost in the run-off (1.7).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
100% CRF produced greater plant dry weight than 100% CLF.
GeraniumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment receiving 100% CRF produced greater total dry weights, and released lower concentrations of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, and PO 4 -P in the run-off than the 100% CLF treatment.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
100% CRF lowered run-off NO 3 -N concentration versus 100% CLF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment receiving 100% CRF produced greater total dry weights, and released lower concentrations of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, and PO 4 -P in the run-off than the 100% CLF treatment.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
100% CRF lowered run-off NH 4 -N concentration versus 100% CLF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment receiving 100% CRF produced greater total dry weights, and released lower concentrations of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, and PO 4 -P in the run-off than the 100% CLF treatment.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
100% CRF lowered run-off PO 4 -P concentration versus 100% CLF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment receiving 100% CRF produced greater total dry weights, and released lower concentrations of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, and PO 4 -P in the run-off than the 100% CLF treatment.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
CRF greatly reduced nitrogen lost in run-off.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of N lost as run-off was greatly reduced with the use of CRF.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
MT irrigation produced the greatest plant growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT irrigation produced the greatest plant growth and HD irrigation produced the least.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
HD irrigation produced the least plant growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT irrigation produced the greatest plant growth and HD irrigation produced the least.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
EF was the most water-efficient irrigation system, losing 4.7% as run-off.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EF system was the most water efficient, with only 4.7% of water lost as run-off.”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
EF plus CRF gave greatest N retention by plants and medium, 90.7.
- Treatment
- EF system with the nutrient-efficient CRFe0
- Outcome
- percentage of N retained by plants and mediume0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 90.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining the water-efficient EF system with the nutrient-efficient CRF produced the greatest percentage of N retained by plants and medium (90.7) and the lowest percentage of N lost in the run-off (1.7).”
t0“Geranium”
Claim · model-written summary
EF plus CRF gave lowest N loss in run-off, 1.7.
- Treatment
- EF system with the nutrient-efficient CRFe0
- Outcome
- percentage of N lost in the run-offe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining the water-efficient EF system with the nutrient-efficient CRF produced the greatest percentage of N retained by plants and medium (90.7) and the lowest percentage of N lost in the run-off (1.7).”
t0“Geranium”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →fertilization · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · molecular: metabolites · GeraniumResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.