Abstract
Different combinations of insects belonging to three trophic levels were released in large cages with hydroponie cultures of cassava in a greenhouse. The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava, some of which was grown at different fertilizer levels. Some cages received Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym., Encyrtidae), the CM specific parasitoid, and/or the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus (Alam) (Hym., Encyrtidae) and Chartocerus hyalipennis Hayat (Hym., Signiphoridae). Plant survival and dry matter production were used to assess the hyperparasitoid's effect via the food chain. All plants infested with CM alone died, while their final dry weight was 34-65 % of the uninfested control. In the presence of E. lopeziy dry matter ranged from 59 to 100 % compared to uninfested plants and depending on the initial CM density. Adding either of the hyperparasitoids did not significantly reduce E. lopezi s efficiency in preventing plant damage. In the presence of both hyperparasitoids and at low initial CM infestation levels, however, dry matter was 58 % of the control, and plant survival was reduced from 93 % to 76%. The generally mild impact of hyperparasitoids in the cage experiments confirms results from the field.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All cassava plants infested with cassava mealybug alone died.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentae0 - Treatment
- infested with CM alonee1
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus manihoti
_dan_semut_merah_(Solenopsis)_pada_batang_daun_Pepaya_(Carica_Papaya_L).jpg?width=60)
Phenacoccus manihotie0pest - Outcome
- Plant survivale2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_dan_semut_merah_(Solenopsis)_pada_batang_daun_Pepaya_(Carica_Papaya_L).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava”
e1“All plants infested with CM alone died, while their final dry weight was 34-65 % of the uninfested control”
e2“Plant survival and dry matter production”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava infested with cassava mealybug alone had final dry weight of 34-65 % of uninfested control plants.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- infested with CM alonee1
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus manihotiPhenacoccus manihotie0pest
- Outcome
- final dry weighte1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 34-65 %e1
- Comparator
- uninfested controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava”
e1“All plants infested with CM alone died, while their final dry weight was 34-65 % of the uninfested control”
Claim · model-written summary
In the presence of Epidinocarsis lopezi, cassava dry matter ranged from 59 to 100 % of uninfested plants, depending on the initial mealybug density.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- presence of E. lopeziye3
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus manihotiPhenacoccus manihotie0pest
- Second interactor
- Epidinocarsis lopezi
Anagyrus lopezie4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- dry mattere3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 59 to 100 %e3
- Qualifier
- depending on the initial CM densitye3
- Comparator
- uninfested plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava”
e3“In the presence of E. lopeziy dry matter ranged from 59 to 100 % compared to uninfested plants and depending on the initial CM density”
e4“Some cages received Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym., Encyrtidae), the CM specific parasitoid”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding either hyperparasitoid did not significantly reduce the efficiency of Epidinocarsis lopezi in preventing cassava damage.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- Adding either of the hyperparasitoidse5
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus manihotiPhenacoccus manihotie0pest
- Second interactor
- Prochiloneurus insolituse6parasite
- Outcome
- efficiency in preventing plant damagee5
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee5
- Qualifier
- E. lopezi s efficiencye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava”
e5“Adding either of the hyperparasitoids did not significantly reduce E. lopezi s efficiency in preventing plant damage”
e6“the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus (Alam) (Hym., Encyrtidae) and Chartocerus hyalipennis Hayat (Hym., Signiphoridae)”
Claim · model-written summary
With both hyperparasitoids at low initial mealybug infestation, cassava dry matter was 58 % of the control.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- both hyperparasitoids and at low initial CM infestation levelse7
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus manihotiPhenacoccus manihotie0pest
- Second interactor
- Prochiloneurus insolituse6parasite
- Outcome
- dry mattere7
- Direction
- lowerinferrede7
- Value
- 58 %e7
- Qualifier
- Chartocerus hyalipennise6
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus (Alam) (Hym., Encyrtidae) and Chartocerus hyalipennis Hayat (Hym., Signiphoridae)”
e7“In the presence of both hyperparasitoids and at low initial CM infestation levels, however, dry matter was 58 % of the control, and plant survival was reduced from 93 % to 76%”
e0“The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
With both hyperparasitoids at low initial mealybug infestation, cassava plant survival was reduced from 93 % to 76 %.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- both hyperparasitoids and at low initial CM infestation levelse7
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus manihotiPhenacoccus manihotie0pest
- Second interactor
- Prochiloneurus insolituse6parasite
- Outcome
- plant survivale7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 93 % to 76%e7
- Qualifier
- Chartocerus hyalipennise6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava”
e6“the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus (Alam) (Hym., Encyrtidae) and Chartocerus hyalipennis Hayat (Hym., Signiphoridae)”
e7“In the presence of both hyperparasitoids and at low initial CM infestation levels, however, dry matter was 58 % of the control, and plant survival was reduced from 93 % to 76%”
The same questions in other papers
Phenacoccus manihoti · growth · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
infection · growth · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.