Integrated nutrient management in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Abstract

A 1 field experiment was conducted during the rainy season on heavy black clayey soils for 13 years (1995-2007) at Vyara, to study effect of integrated nutrient management on transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) productivity. The experiment was conducted with various quantity of pressmud (5,10,15,20t/ha); farmyard manure-FYM (10 t/ha) along with recommended dose of fertilizer(RDF) and without organics(only RDF). The rice grain and straw yield was significantly higher with integrated nutrient application (pressmud @ 20 t/ha + RDF), which remain on par with pressmud @ 15 t/ha + RDF or FYM@ 10 t/ha + RDF. The growth and yield attributing characters as well as soil and plant analysis results has not affected, except organic carbon and available P status of soil. The highest net return was with inorganic fertilizer than INM treatments. Similar trend was observed in BCR value. Among the cereals, rice (oryza sativa L.) is the major source of calories for 40 per cent of the world population. In India, it cultivated on 44 million ha and contributing 99 million tonnes grain production (Government of India, New Delhi, 2009). Cultivation of high yielding dwarf varieties responsive to fertilizer and irrigation in intensive cropping after green revolution with continuous and excess use of inorganic fertilizers has depleted the inherent soil fertility. The decline or stagnation in yield has been attributed to nutrient mining and reduced use of organics (John et al., 2001). Several long-term experiments all over India indicated a decrease in rice productivity due to continuous use of chemical fertilizers. Integrated nutrient management (INM) aims to improve soil health and sustain high level of productivity and production (Prasad et al., 1995). Sharma (2002) reported increased yield and nutrient use efficiency in rice with organics. Organics supply nutrients at the peak period of absorption, and also provide micro nutrients and modify soilphysical behavior as well as increase the efficiency of applied nutrients (Pandey et al.,2007). Farmyard manure (FYM) is being used as major source of organic 1 *Corresponding author : kvkvyara@yaoo.co.in manure in field crops as it supplies all essential plant nutrients and increases activities of microbes in soil (Sutaliya and Singh, 2005). Limited availability of FYM is however an important constraints in its uses as source of nutrients. Sharma et al., (2006) reported 5-6 million tonnes annual pressmud production from sugar industries. Pressmud is being advocated as good organic manure for use in field crops (Kumawat and Jat, 2005). Keeping this in view a field experiment has conducted to find out effect of integrated nutrient management on transplanted rice productivity. Materials and Methods A field experiment was conducted for 13 years (1995-2007) during kharif season at Regional Rice Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Vyara to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity of transplanted rice. The soil sample for initial soil quality was done prior to kharif 2005. The soil was deep heavy black clayey; Neutral (pH 7.3); non-saline (Ec2.5 0.23 ds/m); low in organic carbon (0.43%); medium in available phosphorus (48 kg P/ha) and high in potassium (275 kg K/ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 6 treatments and four replications. The six treatments were (i) Pressmud @ 5t/ha + Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF; 80:30:0 kg NPK/ha); (ii) Pressmud @ 10t/ha + RDF; (iii) Pressmud@ 15 t/ha +RDF; (iv) pressmud @ 20t/ha + RDF (v) Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 t/ha + RDF (vi) RDF alone. Pressmud and FYM were incorporated a week before transplanting of rice seedlings. Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) were applied as whole amount of P (30 kg/ha) as basal through DAP, where as N (80 kg/ha) was applied in 3 split viz., 40 per cent basal, 40 per cent at active tillering and 20 per cent at panicle-initiation stage to all the treatments through ammonium sulphate. Quantity of N fertilizer in basal dose was adjusted after deducting N available from DAP applied in basal Twenty two to twenty six days old 2-3 seedlings of early maturing (90-100 days duration) rice variety ‘GR-3’ was transplanted in puddled field at a spacing of 20 x 15 cm during July and harvested in October during all the years. All other agronomical as well as plant protection measures were taken as per recommended schedule of practices. Growth, yield components and grain

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