Abstract
These studies were conducted at farmer's fields in Mardan district during the cropping season 2008- 2009 to investigate the efficacy and potentiality of inundative and inoculative release methods of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) for the management of sugarcane borers. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. There were three treatments and four replications in each treatment. The data revealed that both inundative and inoculative release methods of T. chilonis were more effective as compared with the control throughout the entire growing season. Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively. This was followed by Inoculative release method, where 6.75 and 10.00 mean percent infestation was recorded in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively. Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively. The data further revealed that inundative release method of T. chilonis in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops also effectively controlled Acigona steniellus (Hamp) with minimum borer's infestation by recording 3.25 and 3.37 mean percent infestations in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively. It was followed by the plots where T. chilonis were released as inoculative release method, where 4.87 and 6.25 mean percent infestation was recorded in sugarcane plant and ratoon crop respectively. Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%). The data further showed that no Scirpophaga nivella Fabric infestation was recorded in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops. Maximum yield of sugarcane was recorded in both plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane in plots treated with inundative release method (101.5t/ha in plant crop and 69.25 t/ha in ratoon crop) followed by inoculative release method (95.84t/ha in plant crop and 63.14t/ha in ratoon crop). The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
plant sugarcane borer infestation under Inundative release method of T. chilonis was 3.50.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope2
- Treatment
- Inundative release method of T. chilonise0
- Interactor
- Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen)Chilo infuscatelluse0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonis
_Figure_2b.png?width=60)
Trichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 3.50e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_2b.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ratoon sugarcane borer infestation under Inundative release method of T. chilonis was 6.50.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope0
- Treatment
- Inundative release method of T. chilonise0
- Interactor
- Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen)Chilo infuscatelluse0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 6.50e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
plant sugarcane borer infestation under Inoculative release method was 6.75.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope2
- Treatment
- Inoculative release methode0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Value
- 6.75e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was followed by Inoculative release method, where 6.75 and 10.00 mean percent infestation was recorded in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ratoon sugarcane borer infestation under Inoculative release method was 10.00.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope0
- Treatment
- Inoculative release methode0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Value
- 10.00e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was followed by Inoculative release method, where 6.75 and 10.00 mean percent infestation was recorded in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
plant sugarcane borer infestation under control plots was 7.87.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope2
- Treatment
- control plotse0
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 7.87e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ratoon sugarcane borer infestation under control plots was 12.75.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope0
- Treatment
- control plotse0
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 12.75e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
plant sugarcane borer infestation under inundative release method of T. chilonis was 3.25.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope2
- Treatment
- inundative release method of T. chilonise0
- Interactor
- Acigona steniellus (Hamp)e0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- borer's infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 3.25e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data further revealed that inundative release method of T. chilonis in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops also effectively controlled Acigona steniellus (Hamp) with minimum borer's infestation by recording 3.25 and 3.37 mean percent infestations in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ratoon sugarcane borer infestation under inundative release method of T. chilonis was 3.37.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope0
- Treatment
- inundative release method of T. chilonise0
- Interactor
- Acigona steniellus (Hamp)e0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- borer's infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 3.37e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data further revealed that inundative release method of T. chilonis in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops also effectively controlled Acigona steniellus (Hamp) with minimum borer's infestation by recording 3.25 and 3.37 mean percent infestations in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
plant sugarcane borer infestation under inoculative release method was 4.87.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope2
- Treatment
- inoculative release methode0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Value
- 4.87e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was followed by the plots where T. chilonis were released as inoculative release method, where 4.87 and 6.25 mean percent infestation was recorded in sugarcane plant and ratoon crop respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ratoon sugarcane borer infestation under inoculative release method was 6.25.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope0
- Treatment
- inoculative release methode0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Value
- 6.25e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was followed by the plots where T. chilonis were released as inoculative release method, where 4.87 and 6.25 mean percent infestation was recorded in sugarcane plant and ratoon crop respectively.”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
plant sugarcane borer infestation under Control plots was 7.27%.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope2
- Treatment
- Control plotse0
- Interactor
- A. stenielluse0pest
- Outcome
- A. steniellus infestatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ratoon sugarcane borer infestation under Control plots was 7.65%.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope0
- Treatment
- Control plotse0
- Interactor
- A. stenielluse0pest
- Outcome
- A. steniellus infestatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
t0“sugarcane borers”
e1“Maximum infestation was recorded in control plots with mean percent infestation of 7.87 and 12.75 in sugarcane plant and ratoon crops respectively.”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
e3“Inundative release method of T. chilonis was found the most effective technique against Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) infestation in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops with minimum mean percent infestation of 3.50 and 6.50 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
No Scirpophaga nivella infestation was found in plant and ratoon sugarcane.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Interactor
- Scirpophaga nivella Fabric
_Figure_28f.jpg?width=60)
Scirpophaga nivellae0pest - Outcome
- no Scirpophaga nivella Fabric infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_28f.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The data further showed that no Scirpophaga nivella Fabric infestation was recorded in both sugarcane plant and ratoon crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
inundative release method gave 101.5t/ha sugarcane yield in the plant crop.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum yield of sugarcane was recorded in both plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane in plots treated with inundative release method (101.5t/ha in plant crop and 69.25 t/ha in ratoon crop) followed by inoculative release method (95.84t/ha in plant crop and 63.14t/ha in ratoon crop).”
e1“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
Claim · model-written summary
inundative release method gave 69.25 t/ha sugarcane yield in the ratoon crop.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum yield of sugarcane was recorded in both plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane in plots treated with inundative release method (101.5t/ha in plant crop and 69.25 t/ha in ratoon crop) followed by inoculative release method (95.84t/ha in plant crop and 63.14t/ha in ratoon crop).”
e1“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
Claim · model-written summary
inoculative release method gave 95.84t/ha sugarcane yield in the plant crop.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope0
- Treatment
- inoculative release methode0
- Outcome
- yield of sugarcanee0
- Value
- 95.84t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Maximum yield of sugarcane was recorded in both plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane in plots treated with inundative release method (101.5t/ha in plant crop and 69.25 t/ha in ratoon crop) followed by inoculative release method (95.84t/ha in plant crop and 63.14t/ha in ratoon crop).”
e1“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
Claim · model-written summary
inoculative release method gave 63.14t/ha sugarcane yield in the ratoon crop.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope0
- Treatment
- inoculative release methode0
- Outcome
- yield of sugarcanee0
- Value
- 63.14t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Maximum yield of sugarcane was recorded in both plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane in plots treated with inundative release method (101.5t/ha in plant crop and 69.25 t/ha in ratoon crop) followed by inoculative release method (95.84t/ha in plant crop and 63.14t/ha in ratoon crop).”
e1“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
Claim · model-written summary
control gave 91.14 t/ha sugarcane yield in the plant crop.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Organ / stage
- plant crope2
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- yield of sugarcanee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 91.14 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e1“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
Claim · model-written summary
control gave 58.33 t/ha sugarcane yield in the ratoon crop.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Organ / stage
- ratoon crope2
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- yield of sugarcanee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 58.33 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e1“The lowest yield of sugarcane was recorded in control (91.14 t/ha and 58.33 t/ha).”
e2“Control plots showed maximum A. steniellus infestation in plant crop (7.27%) and ratoon crop (7.65%).”
The same questions in other papers
Trichogramma chilonis · Chilo infuscatellus · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichogramma chilonis · pest · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
inoculation · yield · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Positive and negative results
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.