Abstract
Animal manure is typically applied to meet the N needs of crops. This can lead to overapplication of P and K. We evaluated the impact of a change from N‐based applications of manure and compost without incorporation to a P‐based (crop‐removal) management system with immediate incorporation of manure on (i) silage corn ( Zea mays L.) yield and quality, and (ii) soil test NO 3 , P (STP), and K (STK). A 5‐yr field study was conducted with annual spring applications of composted dairy solids (46 and 74 Mg ha −1 ), liquid dairy manure (68 and 196 kL ha −1 ), and inorganic N fertilizer (0 and 112 kg ha −1 ). Shifting from N‐ to P‐based manure and compost management reduced the corn yield by 7 to 13% and protein by 8 to 9%, suggesting that fertilizer N is needed for P‐based management. Shifting from N‐ to P‐based manure management reduced soil NO 3 –N at silage harvest by 39% vs. 21% for compost. After 5 yr, STP increased four‐ and sixfold and two‐ and fourfold for N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively, reflecting positive P balances (lower than anticipated yields). Soil test K increased three‐ and twofold with N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively. Both STP and STK remained unchanged with inorganic N fertilization. We conclude that a shift from N‐ to P‐based compost and manure management, with immediate incorporation of manure, leads to reduced soil P and K buildup and, for manure, also soil NO 3 , but supplemental inorganic N fertilization is required to ensure that crop N needs are met.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Switching to P-based manure and compost management reduced corn yield by 7 to 13%.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- P‐based manure and compost managemente0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7 to 13%e0
- Comparator
- N‐e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shifting from N‐ to P‐based manure and compost management reduced the corn yield by 7 to 13% and protein by 8 to 9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Switching to P-based manure and compost management reduced corn protein by 8 to 9%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- P‐based manure and compost managemente0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8 to 9%e0
- Comparator
- N‐e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shifting from N‐ to P‐based manure and compost management reduced the corn yield by 7 to 13% and protein by 8 to 9%”
Claim · model-written summary
The manure-management shift reduced soil nitrate nitrogen at silage harvest by 39%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Shifting from N‐ to P‐based manure management reduced soil NO 3 –N at silage harvest by 39% vs. 21% for compost.”
Claim · model-written summary
The compost-management shift reduced soil nitrate nitrogen at silage harvest by 21%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Shifting from N‐ to P‐based manure management reduced soil NO 3 –N at silage harvest by 39% vs. 21% for compost.”
Claim · model-written summary
After five years, soil test phosphorus increased fourfold under N-based manure management.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“After 5 yr, STP increased four‐ and sixfold and two‐ and fourfold for N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After five years, soil test phosphorus increased sixfold under N-based compost management.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“After 5 yr, STP increased four‐ and sixfold and two‐ and fourfold for N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After five years, soil test phosphorus increased twofold under P-based manure management.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“After 5 yr, STP increased four‐ and sixfold and two‐ and fourfold for N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After five years, soil test phosphorus increased fourfold under P-based compost management.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“After 5 yr, STP increased four‐ and sixfold and two‐ and fourfold for N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test potassium increased threefold under N-based manure and compost management.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil test K increased three‐ and twofold with N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test potassium increased twofold under P-based manure and compost management.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil test K increased three‐ and twofold with N‐ and P‐based manure and compost management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test phosphorus and potassium remained unchanged with inorganic nitrogen fertilization.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Both STP and STK remained unchanged with inorganic N fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental inorganic nitrogen is required to meet crop nitrogen needs under P-based management.
Verbatim
e0“supplemental inorganic N fertilization is required to ensure that crop N needs are met.”
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