Abstract
The authors tried to determine root types, using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery. Nursery conditions favoured to make varietal defferences of root characters clearer than paddy field conditions. Three root types such as I, II and III were proposed by combining both root diameter and colour (Fig. 1). 1) From type I to III, roots became thinner and paler in colour (Tab. 1 & Fig. 8). Shoots also went hand in hand with root types, showing poorer growth in height and weight (Fig. 3 & Fig. 4). But thinner root types had larger ears in weight in contrast with culms (Fig. 5). Thicker types showed leaf tip burn earlier than thinner ones and showed also lower promotion of premature heading in nursery (Fig. 6 & Tab. 5). From these, root types suggested different abilities of physiological function. 2) Majority of varieties cultivated in temperate zone of Asia belonged to type II and III, but local varieties in Japan, "Hsien" in China and tropical ones included large numbers of type I (Fig. 2). 3) Among those varieties including type II and III which had different resistabilities against soil reduction, there were also differences of root diameter. The more resistant the variety, the larger the root diameter (Tab. 7). More resistant ones were, moreover, capable to produce larger numbers of roots and longer ones, even in solutions which were made reductive by adding hydroquinons (Tab. 8). These facts explained their resistabilities from morphological viewpoints as well as from physiological points already studied by many investigators.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Across rice root types I to III, roots became thinner and paler in colour.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- roots became thinner and paler in coloure1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e1“From type I to III, roots became thinner and paler in colour”
Claim · model-written summary
From root type I to III, rice shoots showed poorer growth in height and weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- root typese2
- Outcome
- growth in height and weighte2
- Direction
- poorere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e2“Shoots also went hand in hand with root types, showing poorer growth in height and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinner root types of rice had heavier ears relative to culms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- thinner root typese3
- Outcome
- larger ears in weighte3
- Direction
- largere3
- Comparator
- culmse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e3“thinner root types had larger ears in weight in contrast with culms”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice varieties with thicker roots showed leaf tip burn earlier than those with thinner roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Thicker typese4
- Outcome
- leaf tip burne4
- Direction
- earliere4
- Comparator
- thinner onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e4“Thicker types showed leaf tip burn earlier than thinner ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice varieties with thicker roots showed lower promotion of premature heading in nursery.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Thicker typese5
- Outcome
- promotion of premature headinge5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Setting
- nurserye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e5“Thicker types showed leaf tip burn earlier than thinner ones and showed also lower promotion of premature heading in nursery”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the root types as indicating different abilities of physiological function.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- root typese6
- Outcome
- different abilities of physiological functione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e6“root types suggested different abilities of physiological function”
Claim · model-written summary
Most rice varieties cultivated in the temperate zone of Asia belonged to root type II and III.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- belonged to type II and IIIe7
- Setting
- temperate zone of Asiae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e7“Majority of varieties cultivated in temperate zone of Asia belonged to type II and III”
Claim · model-written summary
Local rice varieties in Japan, Hsien in China and tropical varieties included large numbers of root type I.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- included large numbers of type Ie1
- Setting
- Japane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e1“but local varieties in Japan, "Hsien" in China and tropical ones included large numbers of type I”
Claim · model-written summary
Among rice varieties, the more resistant to soil reduction, the larger the root diameter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- The more resistant the varietye1
- Outcome
- root diametere1
- Direction
- largere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e1“The more resistant the variety, the larger the root diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
More resistant rice varieties produced larger numbers of roots, even in solutions made reductive by adding hydroquinons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- More resistant onese1
- Treatment
- solutions which were made reductive by adding hydroquinonse1
- Outcome
- numbers of rootse1
- Direction
- largere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e1“More resistant ones were, moreover, capable to produce larger numbers of roots and longer ones, even in solutions which were made reductive by adding hydroquinons”
Claim · model-written summary
More resistant rice varieties produced longer roots, even in solutions made reductive by adding hydroquinons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- More resistant onese1
- Treatment
- solutions which were made reductive by adding hydroquinonse1
- Outcome
- longer onese1
- Direction
- longere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using 280 cultivated rice varieties continuously grown in nursery”
e1“More resistant ones were, moreover, capable to produce larger numbers of roots and longer ones, even in solutions which were made reductive by adding hydroquinons”