Abstract
The relationships of a large number of components and enzyme systems of the Shamouti orange fruit have been studied during the growth period extending from April to December. Data have been evaluated with the help of an electronic computer.Early in July, towards the end of the first period of growth, peel thickness attains its maximum, cell divisions almost cease, growth of internal fruit parts (endocarp) begins and many fruit components (as ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids and the bioflavanoid hesperidin) and many enzymic systems (as peroxidase, catalase, indole acetic acid oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase) attain their maximum values and activities when expressed on a total nitrogen basis. This points to higher metabolic activity of tissues during the first period of growth.During the second period (July to December) concentrations and activities of components decrease, relative to fresh and dry weight and to total nitrogen, partly because of dilution by inert cellular components and partly through decreasing metabolic activity. Only by expressing results on a per fruit basis (because of the large increase in volume of individual fruits) do the values of some components, especially reducing sugars and catalase activity, continue to increase.The ascorbic acid system, hesperidin, and enzymes effective in oxidation of ascorbic acid, in degradation of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid and otherwise active in oxido-reduction reactions are interrelated' both when the curves are compared and after the time effect has been removed. This suggests that these systems are interrelated irrespective of the age of the fruit.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Peel thickness reached its maximum near the end of the first growth period.
Verbatim
e0“peel thickness attains its maximum, cell divisions almost cease, growth of internal fruit parts (endocarp) begins”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell divisions almost ceased near the end of the first growth period.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“peel thickness attains its maximum, cell divisions almost cease, growth of internal fruit parts (endocarp) begins”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Endocarp growth began near the end of the first growth period.
- Taxon
- Shamouti Orange Fruitst0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Outcome
- growth of internal fruit parts (endocarp) beginse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“peel thickness attains its maximum, cell divisions almost cease, growth of internal fruit parts (endocarp) begins”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and hesperidin reached maximum values on a total nitrogen basis.
Verbatim
e0“many fruit components (as ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids and the bioflavanoid hesperidin) and many enzymic systems (as peroxidase, catalase, indole acetic acid oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase) attain their maximum values and activities when expressed on a total nitrogen basis”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase, catalase and indole acetic acid oxidase reached maximum activities on a total nitrogen basis.
Verbatim
e0“many fruit components (as ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids and the bioflavanoid hesperidin) and many enzymic systems (as peroxidase, catalase, indole acetic acid oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase) attain their maximum values and activities when expressed on a total nitrogen basis”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid oxidase reached maximum activity on a total nitrogen basis.
Verbatim
e0“many fruit components (as ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids and the bioflavanoid hesperidin) and many enzymic systems (as peroxidase, catalase, indole acetic acid oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase) attain their maximum values and activities when expressed on a total nitrogen basis”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit component concentrations and activities decreased during July to December on weight and nitrogen bases.
Verbatim
e0“During the second period (July to December) concentrations and activities of components decrease, relative to fresh and dry weight and to total nitrogen”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing sugars increased on a per fruit basis.
Verbatim
e0“Only by expressing results on a per fruit basis (because of the large increase in volume of individual fruits) do the values of some components, especially reducing sugars and catalase activity, continue to increase”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity increased on a per fruit basis.
Verbatim
e0“Only by expressing results on a per fruit basis (because of the large increase in volume of individual fruits) do the values of some components, especially reducing sugars and catalase activity, continue to increase”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid, hesperidin and related oxidation enzymes were interrelated even after removing time effects.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The ascorbic acid system, hesperidin, and enzymes effective in oxidation of ascorbic acid, in degradation of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid and otherwise active in oxido-reduction reactions are interrelated' both when the curves are compared and after the time effect has been removed”
t0“Shamouti Orange Fruits”