Abstract
The walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola (Kltb.)) is most destructive to walnut from the time the leaf buds begin to unfold until the leaves are fully expanded. Severe infestations during this period greatly stunt the leaves which is reflected in a reduced size of the developing nuts. Schradan is the most effective insecticide that has been tested against the walnut aphid. Except in a region where the aphid has shown resistance to certain phosphate insecticides, 0.5 pound of schradan per acre has effectively controlled the pest for an entire year. Better control has been obtained with dosages of 0.75 and 1.0 pound. For satisfactory results treatments must be made before the foliage hardens. Other factors that influence the effectiveness of treatment are vigor, and thoroughness of application. Although schradan exerts a suppressing action on other sucking pests of walnut, there are some cases, such as the calico scale (Lecanium cerasorum (Ckll.)) and the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)), where it tends to induce an increase in the population. The vigor of the trees and the exceptional fine quality of foliage on trees treated with schradan may in part result from a stimulus beyond that obtained through the control of the walnut aphid and other pests.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Schradan was the most effective insecticide tested against the walnut aphid.
- Taxon
- walnute0
- Treatment
- Schradane0
- Interactor
- walnut aphide0pest
- Outcome
- most effective insecticidee0
- Direction
- most effective insecticidee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Schradan is the most effective insecticide that has been tested against the walnut aphid”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 pound of schradan per acre effectively controlled the walnut aphid for an entire year, except where the aphid resists phosphate insecticides.
- Taxon
- walnutt0
- Treatment
- 0.5 pound of schradan per acree1
- Interactor
- walnut aphidt0pest
- Outcome
- controlled the peste1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- Except in a region where the aphid has shown resistance to certain phosphate insecticidese1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e1“Except in a region where the aphid has shown resistance to certain phosphate insecticides, 0.5 pound of schradan per acre has effectively controlled the pest for an entire year”
Claim · model-written summary
Dosages of 0.75 and 1.0 pound of schradan gave better control than 0.5 pound per acre.
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e1“Except in a region where the aphid has shown resistance to certain phosphate insecticides, 0.5 pound of schradan per acre has effectively controlled the pest for an entire year”
e2“Better control has been obtained with dosages of 0.75 and 1.0 pound”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments must be made before the foliage hardens for satisfactory results.
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e3“For satisfactory results treatments must be made before the foliage hardens”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigor and thoroughness of application influence the effectiveness of treatment against walnut pests.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e4“Other factors that influence the effectiveness of treatment are vigor, and thoroughness of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Schradan exerts a suppressing action on other sucking pests of walnut.
- Taxon
- walnutt0
- Treatment
- schradane5
- Interactor
- other sucking pestse5pest
- Outcome
- other sucking pestse5
- Direction
- suppressing actione5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e5“Although schradan exerts a suppressing action on other sucking pests of walnut, there are some cases, such as the calico scale (Lecanium cerasorum (Ckll.)) and the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)), where it tends to induce an increase in the population”
Claim · model-written summary
Schradan tends to increase the population of the calico scale.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e5“Although schradan exerts a suppressing action on other sucking pests of walnut, there are some cases, such as the calico scale (Lecanium cerasorum (Ckll.)) and the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)), where it tends to induce an increase in the population”
Claim · model-written summary
Schradan tends to increase the population of the European red mite.
- Taxon
- walnutt0
- Treatment
- schradane5
- Interactor
- European red mitee5pest
- Outcome
- populatione5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e5“Although schradan exerts a suppressing action on other sucking pests of walnut, there are some cases, such as the calico scale (Lecanium cerasorum (Ckll.)) and the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)), where it tends to induce an increase in the population”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigor of the trees and the fine quality of foliage on schradan-treated trees may partly result from a stimulus beyond aphid and pest control.
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e6“The vigor of the trees and the exceptional fine quality of foliage on trees treated with schradan may in part result from a stimulus beyond that obtained through the control of the walnut aphid and other pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe infestations reduced the size of developing walnut nuts.
Verbatim
t0“Walnut Aphid Investigations in Northern California”
e7“Severe infestations during this period greatly stunt the leaves which is reflected in a reduced size of the developing nuts”