Abstract
We cloned seven cDNAs coding for ubiquitin (polyubiquitin) (DcUbq1–7) from carnation petals: DcUbq1, 2, 3 encoded polyubiquitins consisting of five ubiquitin monomers; DcUbq4, three monomers and DcUbq5, 6, 7, a monomer. The 3'-UTR nucleotide sequences were separated into three groups; two were specific to DcUbq1 and DcUbq2, respectively, and the third was almost always common to other genes (DcUbq3–7). The transcript levels of DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 in petals fluctuated during flower opening, whereas those of DcUbq3–7 remained unchanged except for an increase in the last stage. On the other hand, during flower senescence, the transcript levels of DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 increased at later stages, and those of DcUbq3–7 remained almost constant during the process. Based on these findings, we suggest an association of ubiquitin gene expression with petal growth during flower opening and petal wilting during the senescence of carnation flowers through the degradation of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, we showed the successful use of DcUbq3–7 transcripts as a normalizing standard in the determination of transcript levels of a target gene in senescing carnation petals, where massive degradation of RNA, such as actin mRNA and rRNA, usually occurs, causing inaccuracy in the estimation of transcript levels of interest.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seven carnation petal ubiquitin cDNAs were cloned.
- Taxon
- carnation
Dianthus caryophylluse0 - Organ / stage
- petalse0
- Gene
- DcUbq1–7e0
- Outcome
- seven cDNAs coding for ubiquitine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We cloned seven cDNAs coding for ubiquitin (polyubiquitin) (DcUbq1–7) from carnation petals”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq1, DcUbq2 and DcUbq3 encoded five-monomer polyubiquitins.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Gene
- DcUbq1, 2, 3e0
- Outcome
- polyubiquitins consisting of five ubiquitin monomerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“DcUbq1, 2, 3 encoded polyubiquitins consisting of five ubiquitin monomers”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq4 encoded a three-monomer polyubiquitin.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Gene
- DcUbq4e0
- Outcome
- three monomerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“DcUbq4, three monomers”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq5, DcUbq6 and DcUbq7 encoded monomers.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Gene
- DcUbq5, 6, 7e0
- Outcome
- a monomere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“DcUbq5, 6, 7, a monomer”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3′-UTRs formed three sequence groups, with DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 each specific and a common DcUbq3–7 group.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Gene
- DcUbq1 and DcUbq2e0
- Outcome
- 3'-UTR nucleotide sequences were separated into three groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“The 3'-UTR nucleotide sequences were separated into three groups; two were specific to DcUbq1 and DcUbq2, respectively, and the third was almost always common to other genes (DcUbq3–7).”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 transcript levels fluctuated during petal opening.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Organ / stage
- petalse0
- Gene
- DcUbq1 and DcUbq2e0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- fluctuatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“The transcript levels of DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 in petals fluctuated during flower opening”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq3–7 transcripts were stable during opening except for a late increase.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Gene
- DcUbq3–7e0
- Outcome
- those of DcUbq3–7e0
- Direction
- remained unchanged except for an increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“those of DcUbq3–7 remained unchanged except for an increase in the last stage”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 transcript levels rose late in flower senescence.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Gene
- DcUbq1 and DcUbq2e0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“during flower senescence, the transcript levels of DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 increased at later stages”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq3–7 transcript levels remained almost constant during flower senescence.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Gene
- DcUbq3–7e0
- Outcome
- those of DcUbq3–7e0
- Direction
- remained almost constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation”
e0“those of DcUbq3–7 remained almost constant during the process”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ubiquitin gene expression is associated with petal growth and wilting through protein degradation.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse0
- Gene
- ubiquitin genee0
- Outcome
- petal growth during flower opening and petal wilting during the senescencee0
- Qualifier
- through the degradation of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we suggest an association of ubiquitin gene expression with petal growth during flower opening and petal wilting during the senescence of carnation flowers through the degradation of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system”
Claim · model-written summary
DcUbq3–7 transcripts served successfully as a normalization standard in senescing carnation petals.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse0
- Gene
- DcUbq3–7e0
- Outcome
- normalizing standarde0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we showed the successful use of DcUbq3–7 transcripts as a normalizing standard in the determination of transcript levels of a target gene in senescing carnation petals”