Abstract
Cytohistological studies indicate that in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala), 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it. 2,4-D affects not only foliage-leaf primordio present at the time of application but also some that develop thereafter. Treated plants resemble untreated in the structure of the shoot apical meristem (though the dimensions differ) and in the initiation of new foliage leaves. The earliest divisions in the development of the leaf blade appear normal in treated plants. Subsequent ones, however, are precociously and predominantly periclinal, which results in the formation of a thick lamina. In addition to laterally contiguous bundles formed in a manner similar to that in untreated plants, accessory vascular bundles are present in the lamina which develop from derivatives of an extensive adaxial meristem. A mature leaf contains a large amount of vascular tissue surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchyma. In the shoot, xylem and sievetube elements differentiate in normal directions, but the former are retarded in development and the latter accelerated as compared with those in untreated plants. In the shoots of untreated plants, the development of the procambium is continuous and acropetal. The anatomical responses induced by 2,4-D and those caused by other growth-regulating substances are briefly compared.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sublethal 2,4-D applied to cotyledons altered the structure and morphology of organs and tissues derived from the terminal bud, but not of the apical meristem itself.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Material
- Acalae0
- Organ / stage
- terminal bude0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- structure and morphologye1
- Qualifier
- not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from ite1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D-treated cotton plants resembled untreated plants in shoot apical meristem structure, though meristem dimensions differed.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- structure of the shoot apical meristeme2
- Qualifier
- though the dimensions differe2
- Comparator
- untreatede2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e2“Treated plants resemble untreated in the structure of the shoot apical meristem (though the dimensions differ) and in the initiation of new foliage leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D-treated cotton plants initiated new foliage leaves normally, resembling untreated plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- initiation of new foliage leavese2
- Comparator
- untreatede2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e2“Treated plants resemble untreated in the structure of the shoot apical meristem (though the dimensions differ) and in the initiation of new foliage leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
In treated cotton plants the earliest divisions of leaf blade development appeared normal.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- earliest divisions in the development of the leaf bladee4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e4“The earliest divisions in the development of the leaf blade appear normal in treated plants. Subsequent ones, however, are precociously and predominantly periclinal, which results in the formation of a thick lamina”
Claim · model-written summary
In treated cotton plants, subsequent leaf blade divisions were precociously and predominantly periclinal, forming a thick lamina.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- formation of a thick laminae4
- Qualifier
- precociously and predominantly periclinale4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e4“The earliest divisions in the development of the leaf blade appear normal in treated plants. Subsequent ones, however, are precociously and predominantly periclinal, which results in the formation of a thick lamina”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated cotton leaves had accessory vascular bundles in the lamina, developing from an extensive adaxial meristem.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- laminae6
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- accessory vascular bundlese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e6“In addition to laterally contiguous bundles formed in a manner similar to that in untreated plants, accessory vascular bundles are present in the lamina which develop from derivatives of an extensive adaxial meristem”
Claim · model-written summary
In treated cotton leaves, laterally contiguous vascular bundles formed in a manner similar to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- laterally contiguous bundlese6
- Comparator
- untreated plantse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e6“In addition to laterally contiguous bundles formed in a manner similar to that in untreated plants, accessory vascular bundles are present in the lamina which develop from derivatives of an extensive adaxial meristem”
Claim · model-written summary
A mature cotton leaf contains a large amount of vascular tissue surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchyma.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- mature leafe7
- Outcome
- large amount of vascular tissuee7
- Qualifier
- surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchymae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e7“A mature leaf contains a large amount of vascular tissue surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchyma”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D-treated plants had xylem development retarded relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- xyleme7
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- developmente7
- Direction
- retardede7
- Comparator
- untreated plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e7“A mature leaf contains a large amount of vascular tissue surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchyma. In the shoot, xylem and sievetube elements differentiate in normal directions, but the former are retarded in development and the latter accelerated as compared with those in untreated plants. In the shoots of untreated plants, the development of the procambium is continuous and acropetal”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D-treated plants had sievetube element development accelerated relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- sievetube elementse7
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- developmente7
- Direction
- acceleratede7
- Comparator
- untreated plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e7“A mature leaf contains a large amount of vascular tissue surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchyma. In the shoot, xylem and sievetube elements differentiate in normal directions, but the former are retarded in development and the latter accelerated as compared with those in untreated plants. In the shoots of untreated plants, the development of the procambium is continuous and acropetal”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem and sievetube elements differentiated in normal directions in the shoot of treated cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- xyleme7
- Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- differentiate in normal directionse7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e1“2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it”
e7“A mature leaf contains a large amount of vascular tissue surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchyma. In the shoot, xylem and sievetube elements differentiate in normal directions, but the former are retarded in development and the latter accelerated as compared with those in untreated plants. In the shoots of untreated plants, the development of the procambium is continuous and acropetal”
Claim · model-written summary
In untreated cotton shoots, procambium development is continuous and acropetal.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- shootse7
- Outcome
- development of the procambiume7
- Qualifier
- continuous and acropetale7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e7“A mature leaf contains a large amount of vascular tissue surrounded in general by unspecialized parenchyma. In the shoot, xylem and sievetube elements differentiate in normal directions, but the former are retarded in development and the latter accelerated as compared with those in untreated plants. In the shoots of untreated plants, the development of the procambium is continuous and acropetal”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D affected foliage-leaf primordia present at application and some primordia that developed later in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De3
- Outcome
- foliage-leaf primordioe3
- Qualifier
- present at the time of application but also some that develop thereaftere3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the terminal bud of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala)”
e3“2,4-D affects not only foliage-leaf primordio present at the time of application but also some that develop thereafter”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.