Abstract
The aim of this research was to study different ways of nitrogen (N) fertilization and soil tillage management to ensure high yield, quality and correct usage of the available resources. Therefore, a two-year field experiment (2001 and 2003) was carried out on a sugarbeet crop grown in a Mediterranean environment to evaluate the effects of two soil tillage depths (10-15 and 40-45 cm) and of a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost application, compared to mineral N fertilization. The following fertilization treatments were compared: MSW compost at 100 kg N ha−1 (Ncom); mineral N fertilizer at 50 kg ha−1 (N50) and at 100 kg ha−1 (N100); MSW compost combined with mineral N fertilizer (Nmix) (50 kg ha−1 as organic N plus 50 kg ha−1 as mineral N); slow release organic-mineral fertilizer (Nslow) and an unfertilized control (Contr). In each trial year, growth parameters, plant and soil N indicators, yield, quality, N uptake and N efficiency, soil chemical characteristics and N mineral deficit in the soil were determined. The findings of this research highlighted that MSW compost was an important N source for sugarbeet, especially when MSW compost was combined with mineral N fertilizer. In fact, the Nmix treatment did not determine any significant reduction in root (32.5 vs. 36.4 t ha−1 of N100) and sucrose yields (3.56 and 3.65 ha−1). Furthermore, it presented a significantly lower amount of one of the most important qualitative parameters, the alfa amino N (1.74 and 1.97 meq 100 g−1 of N100), and ensured the least soil N deficit in 2003. The application of MSW compost significantly increased the extracted organic carbon in both 2001 (37% of increase for compost treatment in respect to unfertilized control) and 2003 (24%). Higher values were also recorded for total organic carbon in 2001 (20% of increase) and for humified organic carbon in 2001 (27%) and in 2003 (16%), whereas its application did not increase the total content of heavy metals. Finally, among plants and soil N indicators tested, the petiole nitrate content was the only one significantly and positively correlated with root and sucrose yields, indicating that it was an effective tool to monitor N supply.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed compost and mineral fertilizer did not significantly reduce root yield relative to N100.
- Taxon
- sugarbeet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Nmixe0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- did not determine any significant reductione0
- Value
- 32.5e0
- Qualifier
- 36.4 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- N100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Nmix treatment did not determine any significant reduction in root (32.5 vs. 36.4 t ha−1 of N100)”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer did not significantly reduce sucrose yield relative to N100.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Nmixe0
- Outcome
- sucrose yieldse0
- Direction
- did not determine any significant reductione0
- Value
- 3.56e0
- Qualifier
- 3.65 ha−1e0
- Comparator
- N100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Nmix treatment did not determine any significant reduction in root (32.5 vs. 36.4 t ha−1 of N100) and sucrose yields (3.56 and 3.65 ha−1)”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nmix had significantly lower alfa amino N than N100.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Nmixe1
- Outcome
- alfa amino Ne0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1.74e0
- Qualifier
- 1.97 meq 100 g−1e0
- Comparator
- N100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it presented a significantly lower amount of one of the most important qualitative parameters, the alfa amino N (1.74 and 1.97 meq 100 g−1 of N100)”
e1“the Nmix treatment”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nmix gave the least soil N deficit in 2003.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Nmixe1
- Outcome
- soil N deficite0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ensured the least soil N deficit in 2003”
e1“the Nmix treatment”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased extracted organic carbon in 2001 by 37%.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- MSW composte0
- Outcome
- extracted organic carbone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Qualifier
- 2001e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of MSW compost significantly increased the extracted organic carbon in both 2001 (37% of increase for compost treatment in respect to unfertilized control)”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased extracted organic carbon in 2003 by 24%.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- MSW composte0
- Outcome
- extracted organic carbone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of MSW compost significantly increased the extracted organic carbon in both 2001 (37% of increase for compost treatment in respect to unfertilized control) and 2003 (24%)”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost raised total organic carbon in 2001 by 20%.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- MSW composte1
- Outcome
- total organic carbone0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 2001e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values were also recorded for total organic carbon in 2001 (20% of increase)”
e1“The application of MSW compost”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost raised humified organic carbon in 2001 by 27%.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- MSW composte1
- Outcome
- humified organic carbone0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- 2001e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values were also recorded for total organic carbon in 2001 (20% of increase) and for humified organic carbon in 2001 (27%)”
e1“The application of MSW compost”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost raised humified organic carbon in 2003 by 16%.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- MSW composte1
- Outcome
- humified organic carbone0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values were also recorded for total organic carbon in 2001 (20% of increase) and for humified organic carbon in 2001 (27%) and in 2003 (16%)”
e1“The application of MSW compost”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost did not increase total heavy metal content.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- MSW composte1
- Outcome
- total content of heavy metalse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its application did not increase the total content of heavy metals”
e1“The application of MSW compost”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole nitrate content was the sole tested indicator positively correlated with root and sucrose yields.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- petiolee0
- Outcome
- root and sucrose yieldse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the petiole nitrate content was the only one significantly and positively correlated with root and sucrose yields”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole nitrate content was identified as an effective N supply monitoring tool.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- effective tool to monitor N supplye0
- Comparator
- the only onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the petiole nitrate content was the only one significantly and positively correlated with root and sucrose yields, indicating that it was an effective tool to monitor N supply”
t0“Sugarbeet Crop”
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