Paper · 1962 · Hilgardia

Effects of maximum temperature and age on flowering and seed production in three bean varieties

Francis L. Smith; Richard H. Pryor

18
claims
33
verbatim quotes
24
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties. The exception was Small White which did not mature in the mid-July planting some years and never in late-July plantings. Significant differences were obtained in varietal yields. Correlation studies of data from tagged flowers on three varieties over a three-year period were made. Significant positive correlations were obtained between per cent set and beans per pod in all varieties. Significant negative correlations were obtained between age of plants and per cent set, and age of plants and beans per pod in all varieties. Significant negative correlations were obtained between per cent set and maximum temperatures the day before, the day of, and the day after bloom in Small White and Sutter Pink. In California Red these correlations were too low to be significant. The negative correlations between maximum temperature and beans per pod were smaller than between maximum temperature and per cent set, and only in Sutter Pink were they significant. Beans per pod in California Red were not affected by temperature. California Red gave the highest yields, highest per cent set and highest beans per pod. In all three measures Sutter Pink ranked second and Small White third. Advancing age of plants was more effective in reducing per cent set than were increasing temperatures.

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Claims 18

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bean yields increased with planting date up to mid-June for four of the five varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Treatment
planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late Julye0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bean yields remained high for plantings through mid-July for four of the five varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Treatment
planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late Julye0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
remained highe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bean yields declined for late July plantings for four of the five varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Treatment
planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late Julye0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
declinede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Small White did not mature in the mid-July planting in some years and never matured in late-July plantings.

Taxon
beane0
Material
Small Whitee1
Outcome
did not maturee1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“The exception was Small White which did not mature in the mid-July planting some years and never in late-July plantings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 331–450 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Significant differences in yield were obtained among the bean varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Outcome
varietal yieldse1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant differences were obtained in varietal yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 452–508 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Per cent flower set and beans per pod were significantly positively correlated in all three bean varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Outcome
per cent sete1
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Qualifier
in all varietiese1
Comparator
beans per pode1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant positive correlations were obtained between per cent set and beans per pod in all varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 613–716 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant age was significantly negatively correlated with per cent set in all three bean varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Treatment
age of plantse1
Outcome
per cent sete1
Direction
decreaseinferrede1
Qualifier
in all varietiese1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant negative correlations were obtained between age of plants and per cent set, and age of plants and beans per pod in all varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–858 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant age was significantly negatively correlated with beans per pod in all three bean varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Treatment
age of plantse1
Outcome
beans per pode1
Direction
decreaseinferrede1
Qualifier
in all varietiese1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant negative correlations were obtained between age of plants and per cent set, and age of plants and beans per pod in all varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–858 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Per cent set of Small White was significantly negatively correlated with maximum temperatures the day before, the day of and the day after bloom.

Taxon
beane0
Material
Small Whitee1
Treatment
maximum temperatures the day before, the day of, and the day after bloome1
Outcome
per cent sete1
Direction
decreaseinferrede1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant negative correlations were obtained between per cent set and maximum temperatures the day before, the day of, and the day after bloom in Small White and Sutter Pink”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 860–1036 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Per cent set of Sutter Pink was significantly negatively correlated with maximum temperatures the day before, the day of and the day after bloom.

Taxon
beane0
Material
Sutter Pinke1
Treatment
maximum temperatures the day before, the day of, and the day after bloome1
Outcome
per cent sete1
Direction
decreaseinferrede1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Significant negative correlations were obtained between per cent set and maximum temperatures the day before, the day of, and the day after bloom in Small White and Sutter Pink”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 860–1036 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

In California Red the correlations between per cent set and maximum temperatures were too low to be significant.

Taxon
beane0
Material
California Rede1
Outcome
correlationse1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“In California Red these correlations were too low to be significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1038–1105 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The negative correlations of maximum temperature with beans per pod were smaller than those with per cent set.

Taxon
beane0
Treatment
maximum temperaturee1
Outcome
beans per pode1
Direction
smallere1
Comparator
per cent sete1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“The negative correlations between maximum temperature and beans per pod were smaller than between maximum temperature and per cent set, and only in Sutter Pink were they significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1107–1288 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The negative correlation between maximum temperature and beans per pod was significant only in Sutter Pink.

Taxon
beane0
Material
Sutter Pinke1
Treatment
maximum temperaturee1
Outcome
beans per pode1
Direction
decreaseinferrede1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“The negative correlations between maximum temperature and beans per pod were smaller than between maximum temperature and per cent set, and only in Sutter Pink were they significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1107–1288 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Beans per pod in California Red were not affected by temperature.

Taxon
beane0
Material
California Rede1
Treatment
temperaturee1
Outcome
Beans per pode1
Direction
not affectede1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Beans per pod in California Red were not affected by temperature”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1290–1354 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

California Red gave the highest yields, highest per cent set and highest beans per pod among the three varieties.

Taxon
beane0
Material
California Rede1
Outcome
highest yields, highest per cent set and highest beans per pode1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“California Red gave the highest yields, highest per cent set and highest beans per pod”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1356–1442 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sutter Pink ranked second in yield, per cent set and beans per pod.

Taxon
beane0
Material
Sutter Pinke1
Outcome
all three measurese1
Direction
ranked seconde1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“In all three measures Sutter Pink ranked second and Small White third”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1444–1513 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Small White ranked third in yield, per cent set and beans per pod.

Taxon
beane0
Material
Small Whitee1
Outcome
all three measurese1
Direction
thirde1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“In all three measures Sutter Pink ranked second and Small White third”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1444–1513 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Advancing plant age was more effective in reducing per cent set than were increasing temperatures.

Taxon
beane0
Treatment
Advancing age of plantse1
Outcome
per cent sete1
Direction
more effective in reducinge1
Comparator
increasing temperaturese1

Verbatim

e0

“Statistical studies on five bean varieties, California Red, Sutter Pink, Pinto, Red Kidney, and Small White, planted at 2-week intervals from late May to late July over a four-year period indicated that yields increased up to mid-June, remained high through mid-July, and then declined in late July for four of the five varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–329 · show in text ↑
e1

“Advancing age of plants was more effective in reducing per cent set than were increasing temperatures”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1515–1616 · show in text ↑