Abstract
Irrigation and trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) [4‐(cyclopropyl‐α‐hydroxymethylene)‐3, 5‐dioxo‐cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethylester] plant growth regulator (PGR) have been reported to enhance seed yield in red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). This study examined the interaction of irrigation and TE on seed productivity in first‐and second‐year stands in western Oregon (OR). Two field trials were established and followed over a 2‐yr period (2012–2013, 2013–2014). Treatments consisted of an untreated control, and 140, 280, 420, 560, and 700 g a.i. ha −1 TE PGR applied at BBCH growth stages 32 and 51, and in split applications at BBCH 32 + 51. A single irrigation (100 mm) applied at BBCH 55 increased seed yield and weight in first‐and second‐year stands by 13 and 5%, respectively. Seeds m −2 increased nearly 10% with irrigation in both first‐and second‐year stands in 2013 but not in 2014. Application of TE at BBCH 32 increased seed yield by 13.8% in second‐year stands, except at the 700 g a.i. ha −1 rate, and had no effect or reduced seed yield in first‐year stands. Seed weight was reduced by TE at all timings and reductions were proportional to the rate of application. Seeds m −2 increased in first‐year stands with TE rates ≥280 g a.i. ha −1 and ≥420 g a.i. ha −1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and with all rates in second‐year stands. There was no interaction between irrigation and TE in any year. First‐ and second‐year stands will likely benefit from irrigation; however, TE only increased seed yield in second‐year stands. Core Ideas Irrigation and trinexapac‐ethyl independently increase red clover seed yield but there is no interaction between the two. Red clover seed yield is enhanced by increasing seed weight with irrigation whereas seed weight is reduced with trinexapac‐ethyl. Irrigation increases seed yield in first‐and second‐year stands but trinexapac‐ethyl only increases seed yield in second year stands.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
A single 100 mm irrigation at BBCH 55 increased red clover seed yield and weight by 13% in first-year stands.
- Taxon
- Red Clover
Trifolium pratenset0 - Treatment
- A single irrigation (100 mm) applied at BBCH 55e1
- Outcome
- seed yield and weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e1“A single irrigation (100 mm) applied at BBCH 55 increased seed yield and weight in first‐and second‐year stands by 13 and 5%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A single 100 mm irrigation at BBCH 55 increased red clover seed yield and weight by 5% in second-year stands.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- A single irrigation (100 mm) applied at BBCH 55e1
- Outcome
- seed yield and weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5%e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e1“A single irrigation (100 mm) applied at BBCH 55 increased seed yield and weight in first‐and second‐year stands by 13 and 5%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased seeds per square metre by nearly 10% in both first- and second-year stands in 2013.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- irrigatione2
- Outcome
- Seeds m −2e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- nearly 10%e2
- Qualifier
- in 2013e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e2“Seeds m −2 increased nearly 10% with irrigation in both first‐and second‐year stands in 2013 but not in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not increase seeds per square metre in 2014.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- irrigatione2
- Outcome
- Seeds m −2e2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Qualifier
- but not in 2014e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e2“Seeds m −2 increased nearly 10% with irrigation in both first‐and second‐year stands in 2013 but not in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl applied at BBCH 32 increased second-year red clover seed yield by 13.8%, except at 700 g a.i. ha −1.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Material
- second‐year standse4
- Treatment
- Application of TE at BBCH 32e4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 13.8%e4
- Qualifier
- except at the 700 g a.i. ha −1 ratee4
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e3“Treatments consisted of an untreated control”
e4“Application of TE at BBCH 32 increased seed yield by 13.8% in second‐year stands, except at the 700 g a.i. ha −1 rate, and had no effect or reduced seed yield in first‐year stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl applied at BBCH 32 had no effect or reduced seed yield in first-year red clover stands.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- Application of TE at BBCH 32e4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- no effect or reducede4
- Qualifier
- in first‐year standse4
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e3“Treatments consisted of an untreated control”
e4“Application of TE at BBCH 32 increased seed yield by 13.8% in second‐year stands, except at the 700 g a.i. ha −1 rate, and had no effect or reduced seed yield in first‐year stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl reduced red clover seed weight at all timings, with reductions proportional to the application rate.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- TEe5
- Outcome
- Seed weighte5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- reductions were proportional to the rate of applicatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e5“Seed weight was reduced by TE at all timings and reductions were proportional to the rate of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl at 280 g a.i. ha −1 or more increased seeds per square metre in first-year stands in 2012.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Material
- first‐year standse6
- Treatment
- TE rates ≥280 g a.i. ha −1e6
- Outcome
- Seeds m −2e6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- 2012e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e6“Seeds m −2 increased in first‐year stands with TE rates ≥280 g a.i. ha −1 and ≥420 g a.i. ha −1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and with all rates in second‐year stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl at 420 g a.i. ha −1 or more increased seeds per square metre in first-year stands in 2013.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Material
- first‐year standse6
- Treatment
- ≥420 g a.i. ha −1e6
- Outcome
- Seeds m −2e6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- 2013e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e6“Seeds m −2 increased in first‐year stands with TE rates ≥280 g a.i. ha −1 and ≥420 g a.i. ha −1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and with all rates in second‐year stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl at all rates increased seeds per square metre in second-year stands.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Material
- second‐year standse6
- Treatment
- all ratese6
- Outcome
- Seeds m −2e6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e6“Seeds m −2 increased in first‐year stands with TE rates ≥280 g a.i. ha −1 and ≥420 g a.i. ha −1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and with all rates in second‐year stands”
Claim · model-written summary
No interaction between irrigation and trinexapac-ethyl on red clover seed yield was found in any year.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Outcome
- interaction between irrigation and TEe7
- Qualifier
- in any yeare7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e7“There was no interaction between irrigation and TE in any year”
Claim · model-written summary
First- and second-year red clover stands will likely benefit from irrigation.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- benefit from irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover”
e0“First‐ and second‐year stands will likely benefit from irrigation”
The same questions in other papers
trinexapac-ethyl · yield · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
irrigation · yield · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.