Abstract
SummaryThe effects of different air and soil temperatures on the levels of bioactive components in strawberry fruit (cv. Elsanta) were studied under Winter greenhouse conditions, as were agronomic parameters such as fruit yield, fruit size, and leaf area. The following three temperature Treatments were applied: A, cool (day/night: 16°C/12°C); B, warm (day/night: 22°C/16°C); and C, warm with soil heating to 26°C during the day. Increasing the air temperature in the greenhouse, or the soil temperature, decreased the average fruit weight. Fruit quality attributes such as dry matter and soluble solids contents, and titratable acidity, were not significantly influenced by the different treatments. Strawberries grown in the cool environment (Treatment A) had a lower anti-oxidant capacity, in terms of their total phenolics (TP) content, trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), than strawberries produced in the warmer environment (Treatment B). This was due to lower concentrations of total monomeric anthocyanins, total pro-anthocyanidins, total ellagitannins, and kaempferol 3-glucoside-malonate. On the other hand, ascorbic acid concentrations in fruit grown in the cooler environment were higher compared to fruit grown in the warmer environment. An increase in soil temperature in the warmer environment (Treatment C) did not result in any additional accumulation of anthocyanins, or any other phenolics in the fruit, except for p-coumaroyl glucose. However, the concentrations of pro-anthocyanidins were even lower in fruit grown with heated soil. These results showed that air and soil temperatures have a significant influence on the phenolics composition of strawberries.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing air temperature reduced average strawberry fruit weight.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Increasing the air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the air temperature in the greenhouse, or the soil temperature, decreased the average fruit weight”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil temperature reduced average strawberry fruit weight.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- soil temperaturee0
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the air temperature in the greenhouse, or the soil temperature, decreased the average fruit weight”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature treatments did not significantly change fruit dry matter, soluble solids or titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- different treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dry matter and soluble solids contents, and titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- not significantly influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality attributes such as dry matter and soluble solids contents, and titratable acidity, were not significantly influenced by the different treatments”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool treatment A produced lower total phenolics than warmer treatment B.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Treatment Ae0
- Outcome
- total phenolics (TP) contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Treatment Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strawberries grown in the cool environment (Treatment A) had a lower anti-oxidant capacity, in terms of their total phenolics (TP) content, trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), than strawberries produced in the warmer environment (Treatment B)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool treatment A produced lower TEAC than warmer treatment B.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Treatment Ae0
- Outcome
- trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Treatment Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strawberries grown in the cool environment (Treatment A) had a lower anti-oxidant capacity, in terms of their total phenolics (TP) content, trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), than strawberries produced in the warmer environment (Treatment B)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool treatment A produced lower ORAC than warmer treatment B.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Treatment Ae0
- Outcome
- oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Treatment Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strawberries grown in the cool environment (Treatment A) had a lower anti-oxidant capacity, in terms of their total phenolics (TP) content, trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), than strawberries produced in the warmer environment (Treatment B)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool fruit had lower total monomeric anthocyanins and total pro-anthocyanidins than warm fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- cool environmente1
- Outcome
- total monomeric anthocyanins, total pro-anthocyanidinse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- warmer environmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was due to lower concentrations of total monomeric anthocyanins, total pro-anthocyanidins, total ellagitannins, and kaempferol 3-glucoside-malonate”
t0“strawberry”
e1“Strawberries grown in the cool environment (Treatment A) had a lower anti-oxidant capacity, in terms of their total phenolics (TP) content, trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), than strawberries produced in the warmer environment (Treatment B)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool fruit had lower total ellagitannins and kaempferol 3-glucoside-malonate than warm fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- total ellagitannins, and kaempferol 3-glucoside-malonatee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was due to lower concentrations of total monomeric anthocyanins, total pro-anthocyanidins, total ellagitannins, and kaempferol 3-glucoside-malonate”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool fruit had higher ascorbic acid than warm fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- cooler environmente0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- warmer environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ascorbic acid concentrations in fruit grown in the cooler environment were higher compared to fruit grown in the warmer environment”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil heating in the warm treatment produced no additional fruit anthocyanin accumulation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Treatment Ce0
- Outcome
- accumulation of anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- did not result in any additional accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in soil temperature in the warmer environment (Treatment C) did not result in any additional accumulation of anthocyanins, or any other phenolics in the fruit, except for p-coumaroyl glucose”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil heating in the warm treatment produced no additional accumulation of other fruit phenolics.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Treatment Ce0
- Outcome
- any other phenolics in the fruite0
- Direction
- did not result in any additional accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in soil temperature in the warmer environment (Treatment C) did not result in any additional accumulation of anthocyanins, or any other phenolics in the fruit, except for p-coumaroyl glucose”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil heating was an exception for p-coumaroyl glucose accumulation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- p-coumaroyl glucosee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for p-coumaroyl glucose”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Pro-anthocyanidins were lower in fruit from heated soil.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- heated soile0
- Outcome
- concentrations of pro-anthocyanidinse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of pro-anthocyanidins were even lower in fruit grown with heated soil”
t0“strawberry”
The same questions in other papers
climate site · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.