Abstract
Ecological—genetic differentiation and dry storage temperatures regulate the germination of caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum , the wild type of cultivated barley. Freshly harvested caryopses of H. spontaneum in their spikelets (dispersal units) did not germinate, but separated embryos did. After dry storage for more than 68 days at high temperatures, caryopses in their dispersal units germinated. The degree of after-ripening (dormancy) was found to differ in the 3 local populations tested in this study. The highest germination occurred in caryopses collected from the northern-facing slope of Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, the most humid habitat tested. An intermediate result was from the opposite southern-facing slope, and the lowest germination was observed in those from the Negev Desert near Sede Boker. The germination level of caryopses from spikelets stored dry at low temperatures such as −18 °C remained poor for a long time. The ecological significance of this study is discussed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly harvested intact dispersal units did not germinate.
- Taxon
- H. spontaneum
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume0 - Organ / stage
- caryopsese0
- Outcome
- did not germinatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Freshly harvested caryopses of H. spontaneum in their spikelets (dispersal units) did not germinate”
e1“caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Separated embryos from freshly harvested caryopses germinated.
- Taxon
- H. spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume1
- Organ / stage
- separated embryose0
- Outcome
- separated embryos dide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but separated embryos did.”
e1“Freshly harvested caryopses of H. spontaneum in their spikelets (dispersal units) did not germinate”
Claim · model-written summary
Caryopses in dispersal units germinated after more than 68 days of dry storage at high temperatures.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume1
- Treatment
- dry storage for more than 68 days at high temperaturese0
- Outcome
- caryopses in their dispersal units germinatede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After dry storage for more than 68 days at high temperatures, caryopses in their dispersal units germinated.”
e1“caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
After-ripening differed among the three populations.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume1
- Outcome
- degree of after-ripening (dormancy)e0
- Direction
- differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of after-ripening (dormancy) was found to differ in the 3 local populations tested in this study.”
e1“caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Caryopses from the northern-facing Nahal Oren slope had the highest germination.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume1
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- northern-facing slope of Nahal Oren, Mount Carmele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest germination occurred in caryopses collected from the northern-facing slope of Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel”
e1“caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
The southern-facing slope had intermediate germination.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume1
- Outcome
- intermediate resulte0
- Setting
- opposite southern-facing slopee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An intermediate result was from the opposite southern-facing slope”
e1“caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Negev Desert caryopses showed the lowest germination.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume1
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- Negev Desert near Sede Bokere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest germination was observed in those from the Negev Desert near Sede Boker”
e1“caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry storage at low temperatures such as −18 °C left caryopsis germination poor for a long time.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume1
- Treatment
- stored dry at low temperatures such as −18 °Ce0
- Outcome
- germination levele0
- Direction
- remained poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination level of caryopses from spikelets stored dry at low temperatures such as −18 °C remained poor for a long time.”
e1“caryopses of Hordeum spontaneum”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →heat · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →storage · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.