Abstract
A rotating dispenser system for artificially infesting whorl-stage corn (Zea Mays L.) with larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was designed, developed, and evaluated. The system uniformly dispenses larvae up to a density averaging 76 larvae per g of corncob grits, while rotating at 75 rpm. The mortality of larvae tumbled in the hopper with grits was higher than the mortality of those not tumbled, but mortality did not differ significantly among larvae tumbled for 5, 10, or 20 min. Following application, the mean number of larvae recovered per plant, the mean percentage of plants infested, the mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvae, and the mean percentage of damaged plants increased progressively and significantly as the density of dispensed fall armyworm larvae was increased from 1 to 16 per plant. The application system probably can be used to convey the larvae of numerous lepidopterous species on a variety of row crops and also may be adaptable for use in the augmentation of biological control agents.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The dispenser uniformly dispensed larvae at up to 76 larvae per g of grits at 75 rpm.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
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Spodoptera frugiperdae1pest - Outcome
- uniformly dispenses larvaee0
- Value
- 76 larvae per g of corncob gritse0
- Qualifier
- 75 rpme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“The system uniformly dispenses larvae up to a density averaging 76 larvae per g of corncob grits, while rotating at 75 rpm”
e1“fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tumbling larvae in the hopper with grits increased their mortality relative to untumbled larvae.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- larvae tumbled in the hopper with gritse0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of larvaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- those not tumblede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“The mortality of larvae tumbled in the hopper with grits was higher than the mortality of those not tumbled”
e1“fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval mortality did not differ significantly among tumbling durations of 5, 10, or 20 minutes.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- larvae tumbled for 5, 10, or 20 mine0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- 5, 10, or 20 mine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“mortality did not differ significantly among larvae tumbled for 5, 10, or 20 min”
e1“fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovered larvae per corn plant increased significantly with dispensed larval density from 1 to 16 per plant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- density of dispensed fall armyworm larvaee0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- mean number of larvae recovered per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 1 to 16 per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“the mean number of larvae recovered per plant, the mean percentage of plants infested, the mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvae, and the mean percentage of damaged plants increased progressively and significantly as the density of dispensed fall armyworm larvae was increased from 1 to 16 per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of infested corn plants increased significantly with dispensed larval density from 1 to 16 per plant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- density of dispensed fall armyworm larvaee0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- mean percentage of plants infestede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 1 to 16 per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“the mean number of larvae recovered per plant, the mean percentage of plants infested, the mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvae, and the mean percentage of damaged plants increased progressively and significantly as the density of dispensed fall armyworm larvae was increased from 1 to 16 per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of corn plants with multiple larvae increased significantly with dispensed larval density from 1 to 16 per plant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- density of dispensed fall armyworm larvaee0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvaee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 1 to 16 per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“the mean number of larvae recovered per plant, the mean percentage of plants infested, the mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvae, and the mean percentage of damaged plants increased progressively and significantly as the density of dispensed fall armyworm larvae was increased from 1 to 16 per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of damaged corn plants increased significantly with dispensed larval density from 1 to 16 per plant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- density of dispensed fall armyworm larvaee0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- mean percentage of damaged plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 1 to 16 per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“the mean number of larvae recovered per plant, the mean percentage of plants infested, the mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvae, and the mean percentage of damaged plants increased progressively and significantly as the density of dispensed fall armyworm larvae was increased from 1 to 16 per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the system could convey larvae of other lepidopterous species on row crops.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- convey the larvae of numerous lepidopterous species on a variety of row cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“The application system probably can be used to convey the larvae of numerous lepidopterous species on a variety of row crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the system may be adaptable to augment biological control agents.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- augmentation of biological control agentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“also may be adaptable for use in the augmentation of biological control agents”
The same questions in other papers
Spodoptera frugiperda · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.