Abstract
We examined the interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and water stress on growth and physiology of 1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]. Seedlings were supplied weekly with a non-limiting nutrient solution. Water was withheld from half of the plants in each treatment for a 4-week drying cycle, to simulate a sudden and severe water stress during the phase of rapid plant growth. Throughout the growing season, seedlings in elevated [CO2] had higher assimilation rates, measured at the growth [CO2], than seedlings in ambient [CO2], and this caused an increase in total dry mass of about 33%. Stomatal conductance, total water uptake, leaf area and leaf number were unaffected by elevated [CO2]. Because seedlings in the two CO2 treatments had similar transpiration despite large differences in total dry mass, water-use efficiency (WUE) of well-watered and water-stressed seedlings grown in elevated [CO2] was an average of 51 and 63% higher, respectively, than WUE of comparable seedlings grown in ambient [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] enhanced total biomass of water-stressed seedlings by 31%, and thus ameliorated the effects of water limitation. However, the percentage increases in total dry mass between well-watered and water-stressed seedlings were similar in ambient (53%) and elevated (58%) [CO2], demonstrating that there was no interaction between elevated [CO2] and water stress. This finding should be considered when predicting responses of trees to global climate change in hot and dry environments, where predicted temperature increases will raise evaporative demands and exacerbate the effects of drought on tree growth.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 gave peach seedlings higher assimilation rates than ambient CO2 during the growing season.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)
Prunus persicae1 - Treatment
- elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- assimilation ratese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- ambient (350 micromol mol-1)e1
- Setting
- open-top chamberse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e2“Throughout the growing season, seedlings in elevated [CO2] had higher assimilation rates, measured at the growth [CO2], than seedlings in ambient [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total dry mass of peach seedlings by about 33%.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- total dry masse3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- about 33%e3
- Comparator
- ambient (350 micromol mol-1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e3“this caused an increase in total dry mass of about 33%”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 left stomatal conductance, total water uptake and leaf area of peach seedlings unaffected.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e4
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductance, total water uptake, leaf areae4
- Direction
- unaffectede4
- Comparator
- ambient (350 micromol mol-1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e4“Stomatal conductance, total water uptake, leaf area and leaf number were unaffected by elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 left leaf number of peach seedlings unaffected.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e4
- Outcome
- leaf numbere4
- Direction
- unaffectede4
- Comparator
- ambient (350 micromol mol-1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e4“Stomatal conductance, total water uptake, leaf area and leaf number were unaffected by elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 raised water-use efficiency of well-watered and water-stressed peach seedlings by 51 and 63%, respectively, compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e5
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency (WUE)e5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 51 and 63%e5
- Qualifier
- well-watered and water-stressed seedlingse5
- Comparator
- comparable seedlings grown in ambient [CO2]e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e5“water-use efficiency (WUE) of well-watered and water-stressed seedlings grown in elevated [CO2] was an average of 51 and 63% higher, respectively, than WUE of comparable seedlings grown in ambient [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 enhanced total biomass of water-stressed peach seedlings by 31%.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e6
- Outcome
- total biomass of water-stressed seedlingse6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 31%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e6“Elevated [CO2] enhanced total biomass of water-stressed seedlings by 31%”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage increase in total dry mass from well-watered to water-stressed peach seedlings was similar under ambient and elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- water-stressed seedlingse7
- Outcome
- percentage increases in total dry mass between well-watered and water-stressed seedlingse7
- Direction
- similare7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e7“the percentage increases in total dry mass between well-watered and water-stressed seedlings were similar in ambient (53%) and elevated (58%) [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no interaction between elevated CO2 and water stress on peach seedling growth.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e2
- Outcome
- interaction between elevated [CO2] and water stresse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e2“there was no interaction between elevated [CO2] and water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration of peach seedlings was similar under ambient and elevated CO2 despite large differences in total dry mass.
- Taxon
- peach (Prunus persica L.)Prunus persicae1
- Treatment
- elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- transpiratione2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- ambient (350 micromol mol-1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]”
e2“seedlings in the two CO2 treatments had similar transpiration despite large differences in total dry mass”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · physiology: gas exchange · Prunus persica (peach)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
co2 · physiology: water · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
co2 · growth · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.