Abstract
Abstract On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows: At 4 different times: July, August, September, and November 1961. With and without 10 cwt limestone/ac. Unpelleted and pelleted with animal charcoal or lime. The following results were obtained: In spite of the use of a certified source of clover rhizobia peat culture a large proportion of seedlings had a nitrogen‐deficient appearance one to 2 months after sowing. Recovery from deficiency symptoms occurred in spring and again in autumn, but not during a relatively moist summer. This fact favoured the July‐ and August‐sown treatments. Cover provided by fern and stones against frost‐heave and sun appeared to interact with time of sowing. The majority of the pellets made had low numbers of effective clover rhizobia. Even the high‐quality pellets used in the July sowing gave no better results than unpelleted inoculated seed. Charcoal pellets were clearly better than lime pellets. Liming did not affect the vigour or survival of early‐germinating seedlings, but appeared to increase the survival rate of late‐germinating seed, presumably because it assisted the survival and multiplication of clover rhizobia in the soil. More effective means of seed inoculation, plus adequate cover and liming, would diminish the importance of time of oversowing white clover. But with present knowledge sowing dates between 15 July and 1 September seem best near Te Anau.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A large proportion of white clover seedlings had a nitrogen-deficient appearance one to 2 months after sowing despite a certified clover rhizobia peat culture.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense1 - Treatment
- a certified source of clover rhizobia peat culturee2
- Interactor
- clover rhizobiae2symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen‐deficient appearancee2
- Qualifier
- one to 2 months after sowinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e2“In spite of the use of a certified source of clover rhizobia peat culture a large proportion of seedlings had a nitrogen‐deficient appearance one to 2 months after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery from deficiency symptoms occurred in spring and autumn but not during a relatively moist summer.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Outcome
- Recovery from deficiency symptomse2
- Qualifier
- but not during a relatively moist summere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e2“Recovery from deficiency symptoms occurred in spring and again in autumn, but not during a relatively moist summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover from fern and stones appeared to interact with time of sowing in white clover establishment.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- Cover provided by fern and stonese3
- Outcome
- time of sowinge3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e3“Cover provided by fern and stones against frost‐heave and sun appeared to interact with time of sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
The majority of the pellets made had low numbers of effective clover rhizobia.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- pelletse4
- Outcome
- numbers of effective clover rhizobiae4
- Qualifier
- The majority of the pellets made had low numberse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e4“The majority of the pellets made had low numbers of effective clover rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
High-quality pellets gave no better white clover results than unpelleted inoculated seed in the July sowing.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- high‐quality pelletse5
- Outcome
- resultse5
- Direction
- no bettere5
- Comparator
- unpelleted inoculated seede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e5“Even the high‐quality pellets used in the July sowing gave no better results than unpelleted inoculated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Charcoal pellets were clearly better than lime pellets for white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- Charcoal pelletse6
- Outcome
- clearly bettere6
- Direction
- clearly bettere6
- Comparator
- lime pelletse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e6“Charcoal pellets were clearly better than lime pellets”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming did not affect the vigour or survival of early-germinating white clover seedlings.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- Liminge7
- Outcome
- vigour or survival of early‐germinating seedlingse7
- Direction
- did not affecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e7“Liming did not affect the vigour or survival of early‐germinating seedlings, but appeared to increase the survival rate of late‐germinating seed, presumably because it assisted the survival and multiplication of clover rhizobia in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming appeared to increase the survival rate of late-germinating white clover seed, presumably by assisting clover rhizobia survival and multiplication in the soil.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- Liminge7
- Outcome
- survival rate of late‐germinating seede7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- presumably because it assisted the survival and multiplication of clover rhizobia in the soile7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e7“Liming did not affect the vigour or survival of early‐germinating seedlings, but appeared to increase the survival rate of late‐germinating seed, presumably because it assisted the survival and multiplication of clover rhizobia in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing dates between 15 July and 1 September seem best for white clover near Te Anau.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Outcome
- sowing dates between 15 July and 1 Septembere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On a bouldery yellow‐brown loam near Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, covered mainly with stunted Pteridium esculentum, white clover inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii was oversown as follows”
e2“But with present knowledge sowing dates between 15 July and 1 September seem best near Te Anau”
The same questions in other papers
lime · growth · Trifolium repens (white clover)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.