Abstract
The effects of simultaneously varying P, K, lime and Mo supplies on the growth and shoot morphology of white clover ( Trifolium repens ) at establishment were investigated in a factorially designed glasshouse experiment. Phosphorus and lime applications had almost identical, additive, effects on dry‐matter (DM) production, and it was clear that the benefit of both treatments lay in the resultant improvements in plant available P. The adverse effects of P deficiency on young plants resulted, immediately, in a large decrease in stolon branch numbers, but only when the deficiency became acute did similar declines in the dimensions of leaves and petioles occur. It was suggested that this preferential maintenance of leaf and petiole expansion processes under moderate P deficiency, by enabling white clover to retain favourable upper canopy positions, could be an ecological adaptation to maximize its chances of survival in mixed grass–clover swards. Unlike P, K had little effect on clover growth or shoot morphology. However, there was some evidence that plants suffering from acute K deficiency preferentially partitioned resources to organs associated with exploratory growth, i.e. to stolons, at the expense of the plant's photosynthetic capability. Molybdenum application had no effect on DM production or shoot morphology, but did improve the N status of shoots, presumably by enhancing N 2 fixation. It was concluded that the survival of white clover in swards at establishment is critically dependent on P supply, and that one of the main benefits of liming is the resultant improvement in P availability.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and lime additively improved dry matter production through available P.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense1 - Treatment
- Phosphorus and lime applicationse0
- Outcome
- dry‐matter (DM) productione0
- Direction
- benefite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus and lime applications had almost identical, additive, effects on dry‐matter (DM) production, and it was clear that the benefit of both treatments lay in the resultant improvements in plant available P.”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency reduced stolon branch numbers in young plants.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- P deficiencye0
- Outcome
- stolon branch numberse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adverse effects of P deficiency on young plants resulted, immediately, in a large decrease in stolon branch numbers”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and petiole dimensions declined only under acute P deficiency.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- deficiencye0
- Outcome
- dimensions of leaves and petiolese0
- Direction
- declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only when the deficiency became acute did similar declines in the dimensions of leaves and petioles occur”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
K had little effect on growth or shoot morphology.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- clover growth or shoot morphologye0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike P, K had little effect on clover growth or shoot morphology.”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acute K deficiency appeared to shift resources toward stolons at the expense of photosynthetic capability.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Outcome
- partitioned resources to organs associated with exploratory growthe0
- Qualifier
- acute K deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants suffering from acute K deficiency preferentially partitioned resources to organs associated with exploratory growth, i.e. to stolons, at the expense of the plant's photosynthetic capability”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo did not alter dry matter production or shoot morphology.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- Molybdenum applicatione0
- Outcome
- DM production or shoot morphologye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molybdenum application had no effect on DM production or shoot morphology”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo improved shoot nitrogen status.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- Molybdenum applicatione2
- Outcome
- N status of shootse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but did improve the N status of shoots”
e1“white clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
e2“Molybdenum application had no effect on DM production or shoot morphology”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover establishment in swards depends critically on P supply.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- P supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the survival of white clover in swards at establishment is critically dependent on P supply”
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