Abstract
BACKGROUND: The different actions of abscisic acid (ABA) in the aboveground and belowground parts of plants suggest the existence of a distinct perception mechanism between these organs. Although characterization of the soluble ABA receptors PYR1/PYL/RCAR as well as core signaling components has greatly advanced our understanding of ABA perception, signal transduction, and responses, the environment-dependent organ-specific sensitivity of plants to ABA is less well understood. RESULTS: By performing real-time quantitative PCR assays, we comprehensively compared transcriptional differences of core ABA signaling components in response to ABA or osmotic/dehydration stress between maize (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves. Our results demonstrated up-regulation of the transcript levels of ZmPYLs homologous to dimeric-type Arabidopsis ABA receptors by ABA in maize primary roots, whereas those of ZmPYLs homologous to monomeric-type Arabidopsis ABA receptors were down-regulated. However, this trend was reversed in the leaves of plants treated with ABA via the root medium. Although the mRNA levels of ZmPYL1-3 increased significantly in roots subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress, ZmPYL4-11 transcripts were either maintained at a stable level or increased only slightly. In detached leaves subjected to dehydration, the transcripts of ZmPYL1-3 together with ZmPYL5, ZmPYL6, ZmPYL10 and ZmPYL11 were decreased, whereas those of ZmPYL4, ZmPYL7 and ZmPYL8 were significantly increased. Our results also showed that all of the evaluated transcripts of PP2Cs and SnRK2 were quickly up-regulated in roots by ABA or osmotic stress; conversely they were either up-regulated or maintained at a constant level in leaves, depending on the isoforms within each family. CONCLUSIONS: There is a distinct profile of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptor gene expression between maize roots and leaves, suggesting that monomeric-type ABA receptors are mainly involved in the transmission of ABA signals in roots but that dimeric-type ABA receptors primarily carry out this function in leaves. Given that ZmPYL1 and ZmPYL4 exhibit similar transcript abundance under normal conditions, our findings may represent a novel mechanism for species-specific regulation of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptor gene expression. A difference in the preference for core signaling components in the presence of exogenous ABA versus stress-induced endogenous ABA was observed in both leaves and roots. It appears that core ABA signaling components perform their osmotic/dehydration stress response functions in a stress intensity-, duration-, species-, organ-, and isoform-specific manner, leading to plasticity in response to adverse conditions and, thus, acclimation to life on land. These results deepen our understanding of the diverse biological effects of ABA between plant leaves and roots in response to abiotic stress at the stimulus-perception level.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ABA raised dimeric-type ZmPYL homolog transcripts in primary roots.
- Organ / stage
- primary rootse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of ZmPYLs homologous to dimeric-type Arabidopsis ABA receptorse0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulation of the transcript levels of ZmPYLs homologous to dimeric-type Arabidopsis ABA receptors by ABA in maize primary roots”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA lowered monomeric-type ZmPYL homolog transcripts in roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- ZmPYLs homologous to monomeric-type Arabidopsis ABA receptorse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those of ZmPYLs homologous to monomeric-type Arabidopsis ABA receptors were down-regulated”
t0“maize”
e1“By performing real-time quantitative PCR assays, we comprehensively compared transcriptional differences of core ABA signaling components in response to ABA or osmotic/dehydration stress between maize (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The ABA response trend reversed in leaves treated through root medium.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this trend was reversed in the leaves of plants treated with ABA via the root medium”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG osmotic stress significantly increased root ZmPYL1-3 mRNA.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stresse0
- Gene
- ZmPYL1-3e0
- Outcome
- mRNA levels of ZmPYL1-3e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mRNA levels of ZmPYL1-3 increased significantly in roots subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under PEG stress, root ZmPYL4-11 transcripts remained stable or rose slightly.
- Treatment
- polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stresse2
- Gene
- ZmPYL4-11e0
- Outcome
- ZmPYL4-11 transcriptse0
- Direction
- maintained at a stable level or increased only slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmPYL4-11 transcripts were either maintained at a stable level or increased only slightly”
t0“maize”
e1“By performing real-time quantitative PCR assays, we comprehensively compared transcriptional differences of core ABA signaling components in response to ABA or osmotic/dehydration stress between maize (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves”
e2“mRNA levels of ZmPYL1-3 increased significantly in roots subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydration decreased detached-leaf transcripts of ZmPYL1-3, 5, 6, 10 and 11.
- Organ / stage
- detached leavese0
- Treatment
- dehydratione0
- Outcome
- transcripts of ZmPYL1-3 together with ZmPYL5, ZmPYL6, ZmPYL10 and ZmPYL11e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In detached leaves subjected to dehydration, the transcripts of ZmPYL1-3 together with ZmPYL5, ZmPYL6, ZmPYL10 and ZmPYL11 were decreased”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydration significantly increased detached-leaf ZmPYL4, 7 and 8 transcripts.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those of ZmPYL4, ZmPYL7 and ZmPYL8 were significantly increased”
t0“maize”
e1“By performing real-time quantitative PCR assays, we comprehensively compared transcriptional differences of core ABA signaling components in response to ABA or osmotic/dehydration stress between maize (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA or osmotic stress rapidly upregulated all evaluated PP2C and SnRK2 transcripts in roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ABA or osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- transcripts of PP2Cs and SnRK2e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of the evaluated transcripts of PP2Cs and SnRK2 were quickly up-regulated in roots by ABA or osmotic stress”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
In leaves, PP2C and SnRK2 transcripts either rose or remained constant by isoform.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- up-regulated or maintained at a constant level in leavese0
- Direction
- up-regulated or maintained at a constant levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they were either up-regulated or maintained at a constant level in leaves, depending on the isoforms within each family”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The study observed different preferences for core signaling components under exogenous versus stress-induced ABA in both organs.
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Outcome
- difference in the preference for core signaling componentse0
- Comparator
- exogenous ABA versus stress-induced endogenous ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A difference in the preference for core signaling components in the presence of exogenous ABA versus stress-induced endogenous ABA was observed in both leaves and roots”
t0“maize”
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