Abstract
Grain weight is the most important component of rice yield and is mainly determined by grain size, which is generally controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Although numerous QTLs that regulate grain weight have been identified, the genetic network that controls grain size remains unclear. Herein, we report the cloning and functional analysis of a dominant QTL, grain length and width 2 (GLW2), which positively regulates grain weight by simultaneously increasing grain length and width. The GLW2 locus encodes OsGRF4 (growth-regulating factor 4) and is regulated by the microRNA miR396c in vivo. The mutation in OsGRF4 perturbs the OsmiR396 target regulation of OsGRF4, generating a larger grain size and enhanced grain yield. We also demonstrate that OsGIF1 (GRF-interacting factors 1) directly interacts with OsGRF4, and increasing its expression improves grain size. Our results suggest that the miR396c-OsGRF4-OsGIF1 regulatory module plays an important role in grain size determination and holds implications for rice yield improvement.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
GLW2 positively regulates grain weight by increasing grain length and width in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- GLW2e1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- positively regulatese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e1“a dominant QTL, grain length and width 2 (GLW2), which positively regulates grain weight by simultaneously increasing grain length and width”
Claim · model-written summary
The GLW2 locus encodes OsGRF4 in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsGRF4e2
- Outcome
- GLW2 locus encodes OsGRF4e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e2“The GLW2 locus encodes OsGRF4 (growth-regulating factor 4) and is regulated by the microRNA miR396c in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
The GLW2 locus is regulated by the microRNA miR396c in vivo.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- GLW2e2
- Outcome
- is regulated by the microRNA miR396c in vivoe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e2“The GLW2 locus encodes OsGRF4 (growth-regulating factor 4) and is regulated by the microRNA miR396c in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutation in OsGRF4 generated a larger grain size in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- The mutation in OsGRF4e3
- Gene
- OsGRF4e3
- Outcome
- grain sizee3
- Direction
- largere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e3“The mutation in OsGRF4 perturbs the OsmiR396 target regulation of OsGRF4, generating a larger grain size and enhanced grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutation in OsGRF4 enhanced grain yield in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- The mutation in OsGRF4e3
- Gene
- OsGRF4e3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e3“The mutation in OsGRF4 perturbs the OsmiR396 target regulation of OsGRF4, generating a larger grain size and enhanced grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
OsGIF1 directly interacts with OsGRF4.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsGIF1e4
- Outcome
- directly interacts with OsGRF4e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e4“We also demonstrate that OsGIF1 (GRF-interacting factors 1) directly interacts with OsGRF4, and increasing its expression improves grain size”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the expression of OsGIF1 improved grain size in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing its expressione4
- Gene
- OsGIF1e4
- Outcome
- grain sizee4
- Direction
- improvese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e4“We also demonstrate that OsGIF1 (GRF-interacting factors 1) directly interacts with OsGRF4, and increasing its expression improves grain size”
Claim · model-written summary
The miR396c-OsGRF4-OsGIF1 regulatory module plays an important role in grain size determination in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- miR396c-OsGRF4-OsGIF1e5
- Outcome
- grain size determinatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“determines grain size and yield in rice”
e5“Our results suggest that the miR396c-OsGRF4-OsGIF1 regulatory module plays an important role in grain size determination”
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loss of function · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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