Abstract
Micronutrients are part of many crucial physiological plant processes. The combined application of N and micronutrients helps in obtaining grain yield with beneficial technological and consumer properties. The main micronutrients needed by cereals include Cu, Mn, and Zn. The subject of this study was to determine yield, quality indicators (protein content and composition, gluten content, grain bulk density, Zeleny sedimentation index, and grain hardness), as well as mineral content (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe) in winter wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized by foliar micronutrient application. A field experiment was carried out at the Educational and Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo, Poland. The application of mineral fertilizers (NPK) supplemented with Cu increased Cu content (13.0%) and , /, and (18.7%, 4.9%, and 3.4%, respectively) gliadins in wheat grain. Foliar Zn fertilization combined with NPK increased Cu content (14.9%) as well as high (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenins (38.8% and 6.7%, respectively). Zinc fertilization significantly reduced monomeric gliadin content and increased polymeric glutenin content in grain, which contributed in reducing the gliadin:glutenin ratio (0.77). Mineral fertilizers supplemented with Mn increased Fe content in wheat grain (14.3%). It also significantly increased protein (3.8%) and gluten (4.4%) content, Zeleny sedimentation index (12.4%), and grain hardness (18.5%). Foliar Mn fertilization increased the content of , /, and gliadin fractions (19.9%, 9.5%, and 2.1%, respectively), as well as HMW and LMW glutenins (18.9% and 4.5%, respectively). Mineral NPK fertilization, combined with micronutrients (Cu + Zn + Mn), increased Cu and Zn content in grain (22.6% and 17.7%, respectively). The content of , /, and gliadins increased (20.3%, 10.5%, and 12.1%, respectively) as well as HMW glutenins (7.9%).
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus Cu increased grain Cu content by 13.0%.
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizers (NPK) supplemented with Cue0
- Outcome
- Cu contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.0%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of mineral fertilizers (NPK) supplemented with Cu increased Cu content (13.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus Zn increased grain Cu content by 14.9%.
- Treatment
- Foliar Zn fertilization combined with NPKe0
- Outcome
- Cu contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.9%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn fertilization combined with NPK increased Cu content (14.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus Zn increased HMW glutenins by 38.8%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“high (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenins (38.8% and 6.7%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus Zn increased LMW glutenins by 6.7%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“low molecular weight (LMW) glutenins (38.8% and 6.7%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc reduced monomeric gliadin content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Zinc fertilization significantly reduced monomeric gliadin content”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc increased polymeric glutenin content.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased polymeric glutenin content in grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc reduced the gliadin:glutenin ratio to 0.77.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“reducing the gliadin:glutenin ratio (0.77)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus Mn increased grain Fe content by 14.3%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Mineral fertilizers supplemented with Mne0
- Outcome
- Fe contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral fertilizers supplemented with Mn increased Fe content in wheat grain (14.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn increased grain protein content by 3.8%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased protein (3.8%) and gluten (4.4%) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn increased grain gluten content by 4.4%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased protein (3.8%) and gluten (4.4%) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn increased the Zeleny sedimentation index by 12.4%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“Zeleny sedimentation index (12.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn increased grain hardness by 18.5%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain hardness (18.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn increased HMW glutenins by 18.9%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“HMW and LMW glutenins (18.9% and 4.5%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn increased LMW glutenins by 4.5%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“HMW and LMW glutenins (18.9% and 4.5%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with Cu, Zn and Mn increased grain Cu content by 22.6%.
- Treatment
- Mineral NPK fertilization, combined with micronutrients (Cu + Zn + Mn)e0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.6%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mineral NPK fertilization, combined with micronutrients (Cu + Zn + Mn), increased Cu and Zn content in grain (22.6% and 17.7%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with Cu, Zn and Mn increased grain Zn content by 17.7%.
- Treatment
- Mineral NPK fertilization, combined with micronutrients (Cu + Zn + Mn)e0
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.7%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mineral NPK fertilization, combined with micronutrients (Cu + Zn + Mn), increased Cu and Zn content in grain (22.6% and 17.7%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined micronutrients increased HMW glutenins by 7.9%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“HMW glutenins (7.9%)”
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