Abstract
This study analyzed the effectiveness of the application method and nitrogen dose with and without the addition of multi-component fertilizers in various development phases of spring wheat on grain yield and micronutrient concentration (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the grain and their removal with the crop. A three-year field experiment involving the cultivation of Parabola and Radunia spring wheat cultivars was conducted in the years 2009-2011 at the Educational and Experimental Station of the University of Warmia in Mazury in Olsztyn. The research factors included two cultivars of spring wheat as well as varied levels and methods of fertilization. An increase in the nitrogen dose from 80 to 120 kg∙ha-1 only increased the grain yield for Parabola cultivar, and the highest yield was obtained by supplementing the basic fertilization with Azofoska fertilizer. The grains of Parabola wheat cultivar were characterized by higher Cu and Zn contents, and greater removal of Cu and Zn with the grains, as well as a lower Mn content as compared with Radunia cultivar. Fertilization with nitrogen at a dose of 80 kg∙ha-1 contributed to an increase in Cu concentration in grains and Cu uptake with the crop for Parabola wheat cultivar, which resulted from both to-the-soil and foliar fertilization with urea and foliar fertilization with urea and Ekolist Mikro Z fertilizer. An increase in the dose of applied nitrogen up to 120 kg∙ha-1 resulted in an increase in Fe content in grains of wheat cultivar Parabola, and greater removal of Fe with the grain crop for both cultivars. Fertilization with ammonium nitrate as well as to-the-soil and foliar fertilization with urea contributed to the highest concentration of Fe in grains and Fe uptake with the crop for both Parabola and Radunia cultivars. Correlation coefficient r indicated a positive correlation between the content of Mn and Cu content in the grain. The Zn content was positively correlated with Mn content in the grain of both cultivars. Noteworthy is the strong correlation between Zn content and Mn content, with r = 0.874 for Parabola cultivar, and r = 0.868 for Radunia cultivar, respectively.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 80 to 120 kg∙ha-1 increased yield only for Parabola.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Parabolae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen dose from 80 to 120 kg∙ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in the nitrogen dose from 80 to 120 kg∙ha-1 only increased the grain yield for Parabola cultivar”
e1“in spring wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Azofoska supplementation produced the highest Parabola yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Parabolae1
- Treatment
- supplementing the basic fertilization with Azofoska fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- basic fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest yield was obtained by supplementing the basic fertilization with Azofoska fertilizer”
e1“grain yield for Parabola cultivar”
e2“in spring wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Parabola grain had higher Cu and Zn content than Radunia.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Parabolae0
- Outcome
- Cu and Zn contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Raduniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grains of Parabola wheat cultivar were characterized by higher Cu and Zn contents, and greater removal of Cu and Zn with the grains, as well as a lower Mn content as compared with Radunia cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Parabola grain removed more Cu and Zn than Radunia grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Parabolae0
- Outcome
- removal of Cu and Zn with the grainse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Raduniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grains of Parabola wheat cultivar were characterized by higher Cu and Zn contents, and greater removal of Cu and Zn with the grains, as well as a lower Mn content as compared with Radunia cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Parabola grain had lower Mn than Radunia grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Parabolae0
- Outcome
- Mn contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Raduniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grains of Parabola wheat cultivar were characterized by higher Cu and Zn contents, and greater removal of Cu and Zn with the grains, as well as a lower Mn content as compared with Radunia cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 80 kg∙ha-1 increased Parabola grain Cu concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Parabolae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen at a dose of 80 kg∙ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Cu concentration in grainse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization with nitrogen at a dose of 80 kg∙ha-1 contributed to an increase in Cu concentration in grains and Cu uptake with the crop for Parabola wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 80 kg∙ha-1 increased Cu uptake in Parabola.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Parabolae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen at a dose of 80 kg∙ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Cu uptake with the crope0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization with nitrogen at a dose of 80 kg∙ha-1 contributed to an increase in Cu concentration in grains and Cu uptake with the crop for Parabola wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen to 120 kg∙ha-1 increased Parabola grain Fe content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Parabolae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen up to 120 kg∙ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Fe content in grainse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in the dose of applied nitrogen up to 120 kg∙ha-1 resulted in an increase in Fe content in grains of wheat cultivar Parabola”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen to 120 kg∙ha-1 increased grain Fe removal for both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen up to 120 kg∙ha-1e0
- Outcome
- removal of Fe with the grain crope0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- both cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in the dose of applied nitrogen up to 120 kg∙ha-1 resulted in an increase in Fe content in grains of wheat cultivar Parabola, and greater removal of Fe with the grain crop for both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate produced the highest grain Fe concentration and uptake in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- crope0
- Treatment
- Fertilization with ammonium nitratee0
- Outcome
- concentration of Fe in grains and Fe uptake with the crope0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization with ammonium nitrate as well as to-the-soil and foliar fertilization with urea contributed to the highest concentration of Fe in grains and Fe uptake with the crop for both Parabola and Radunia cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and foliar urea produced the highest grain Fe concentration and uptake in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- to-the-soil and foliar fertilization with ureae0
- Outcome
- concentration of Fe in grains and Fe uptake with the crope0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization with ammonium nitrate as well as to-the-soil and foliar fertilization with urea contributed to the highest concentration of Fe in grains and Fe uptake with the crop for both Parabola and Radunia cultivars”
e1“in spring wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Mn and Cu contents were positively correlated.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Compound
- Cue0
- Outcome
- content of Mne0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive correlation between the content of Mn and Cu content in the grain”
e1“in spring wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Zn and Mn were positively correlated in Parabola, with r = 0.874.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn content was positively correlated with Mn content in the grain of both cultivars. Noteworthy is the strong correlation between Zn content and Mn content, with r = 0.874 for Parabola cultivar, and r = 0.868 for Radunia cultivar, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Zn and Mn were positively correlated in Radunia, with r = 0.868.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Raduniae0
- Compound
- Mne0
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.868e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn content was positively correlated with Mn content in the grain of both cultivars. Noteworthy is the strong correlation between Zn content and Mn content, with r = 0.874 for Parabola cultivar, and r = 0.868 for Radunia cultivar, respectively”
e1“in spring wheat grain”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium nitrate · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →application · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
256 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
271 papers more in this group
See all 275 papers →nitrogen · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
409 papers in the same direction as this paper · 64 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
475 papers more in this group
See all 479 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
853 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- negative
955 papers more in this group
See all 959 papers →nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,736 papers in the same direction as this paper · 285 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- negative
2,057 papers more in this group
See all 2,061 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- no effect
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.