Abstract
Abstract The addition of N fertilizer late in the growing season to improve grain quality is a potential management option for production of irrigated hard red spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). This study compared the recovery of fertilizer N applied at planting with that of fertilizer N applied at anthesis, and evaluated the effects on soil N uptake. In a 2‐yr field study, N fertilizer rates of 120, 180, or 240 kg N ha −1 at planting and 0, 30, or 60 kg N ha −1 at anthesis were applied to ‘Yecora Rojo’ wheat. The experiment utilized a duplicate plot design such that for every N‐rate treatment there were two plots, one plot received 15 N labeled fertilizer at planting, and the other received I5N labeled fertilizer at anthesis. The recovery of N applied at planting ranged from 30 to 55%, while that of N applied at anthesis ranged from 55 to 80%. The contribution of soil N (non‐fertilizer N) to total plant N was not affected by the N rate or timing of application. In another field study 120, 180, or 240 kg N ha −1 was applied at planting and 0 or 45 kg N ha −1 at anthesis the first year, and 85, 140, 195, and 250 kg N ha −1 applied at planting and 0, 25, 45, and 65 kg N ha −1 at anthesis the second year. A small dose (< 1 kg ha −1 ) of NH 4 ‐ 15 N was iqjected 5 cm below the soil surface to follow the effect of N application at anthesis on uptake of existing inorganic soil N. Fertilizer N at anthesis increased the amount of iqjected 15 N taken up by the plants from 38 to 48% the first year, and from 49 to 61% the second year. In both studies, the amount of fertilizer N applied at anthesis had the greatest influence on postanthesis N uptake, which ranged from 17 to 77 kg N ha −1 . Without supplemental N applied at anthesis, postanthesis N uptake only provided from 12 to 18% of the total grain N demand, and postanthesis N uptake was not increased by greater preplant N input levels. Likewise, extractable and mineralizable soil N at anthesis were not affected by preplant N treatments. These results indicate that a late N application can be efficiently taken up by plants, and does not decrease soil N uptake. To achieve acceptable grain protein levels for bread wheat in this. imgated cropping system, N should be supplied late in the season to improve N uptake during grain fill.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of N applied at planting was 30 to 55%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- N applied at plantinge1
- Outcome
- recovery of Ne1
- Value
- 30 to 55%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The recovery of N applied at planting ranged from 30 to 55%, while that of N applied at anthesis ranged from 55 to 80%”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of N applied at anthesis was 55 to 80%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applied at anthesise1
- Outcome
- recovery of Ne1
- Value
- 55 to 80%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The recovery of N applied at planting ranged from 30 to 55%, while that of N applied at anthesis ranged from 55 to 80%”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The N rate or timing of application did not affect the contribution of soil N to total plant N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N rate or timing of applicatione3
- Outcome
- contribution of soil Ne2
- Direction
- not affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The contribution of soil N”
e3“to total plant N was not affected by the N rate or timing of application”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N applied at anthesis had the greatest influence on postanthesis N uptake, 17 to 77 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizer N applied at anthesise4
- Outcome
- postanthesis N uptakee4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Value
- 17 to 77 kg N ha −1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In both studies, the amount of fertilizer N applied at anthesis had the greatest influence on postanthesis N uptake, which ranged from 17 to 77 kg N ha −1”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Without supplemental N at anthesis, postanthesis N uptake provided only 12 to 18% of the total grain N demand.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- postanthesis N uptakee5
- Value
- 12 to 18%e5
- Qualifier
- Without supplemental N applied at anthesise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Without supplemental N applied at anthesis, postanthesis N uptake only provided from 12 to 18% of the total grain N demand”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater preplant N input did not increase postanthesis N uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- greater preplant N input levelse6
- Outcome
- postanthesis N uptakee6
- Direction
- not increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“postanthesis N uptake was not increased by greater preplant N input levels”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant N treatments did not affect extractable and mineralizable soil N at anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- preplant N treatmentse7
- Outcome
- extractable and mineralizable soil N at anthesise7
- Direction
- not affectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Likewise, extractable and mineralizable soil N at anthesis were not affected by preplant N treatments”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late N application is taken up efficiently by plants and does not decrease soil N uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late N applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil N uptakee0
- Direction
- does not decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate that a late N application can be efficiently taken up by plants, and does not decrease soil N uptake”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N should be supplied late in the season to achieve acceptable grain protein levels in irrigated bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- late in the seasone1
- Outcome
- acceptable grain protein levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“N should be supplied late in the season to improve N uptake during grain fill”
e2“To achieve acceptable grain protein levels for bread wheat”
t0“Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat”
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