Abstract
ABSTRACT Grain protein content is one of the most important quality constraints for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in eastern Canada. A field experiment was conducted for two years (1999 and 2000) on the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, to study whether split application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer improved grain protein content and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE). Two cultivars (‘Celtic,’ as N-responsive and ‘Grandin’, as N-non-responsive) were grown using three different N doses and application methods: (1) 100 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3, soil-applied at seeding with 15N2-labeled NH4NO3 to microplots, (2) 60 kg N ha−1 soil-applied at seeding plus 40 kg N ha−1 foliar-applied at the boot stage with 15N2-labeled urea to microplots, and (3) 90 kg N ha−1 as soil-applied at seeding plus 10 kg N ha−1 foliar-applied at the boot stage with 15N2-labeled urea to microplots. Plants were sampled at heading and maturity. While dry-matter production and grain yields were not affected by the treatments in either year, N application methods influenced tissue N concentration and NUE. In 1999, extended drought stress led to significant yield reduction; in 2000, foliar application of 10 kg N ha−1 at the boot stage significantly increased grain N concentration when grain protein was under the limit for bread quality, suggesting that later-applied N can contribute to grain protein content. At maturity, the average NUE was 22.3% in 1999 and 34.5% in 2000, but was always greater when all N was applied at seeding (42.5%) than when N was foliar-applied at the boot stage (18.5% to 24.5%). We conclude that application of a small amount of fertilizer N at the boot stage can improve the bread-making quality of spring wheat by increasing grain protein concentration.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application treatments did not affect dry matter production or grain yield in either year.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dry-matter production and grain yieldse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While dry-matter production and grain yields were not affected by the treatments in either year”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application methods influenced tissue nitrogen concentration and NUE.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- tissue N concentration and NUEe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application methods influenced tissue N concentration and NUE”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Extended drought significantly reduced wheat yield in 1999.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- extended drought stresse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- 1999e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1999, extended drought stress led to significant yield reduction”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10 kg N ha−1 at boot stage significantly increased grain N concentration in 2000.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 10 kg N ha−1 at the boot stagee0
- Outcome
- grain N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- when grain protein was under the limit for bread qualitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2000, foliar application of 10 kg N ha−1 at the boot stage significantly increased grain N concentration when grain protein was under the limit for bread quality”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Average NUE was 22.3% in 1999.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- average NUEe0
- Value
- 22.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 1999e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At maturity, the average NUE was 22.3% in 1999 and 34.5% in 2000”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Average NUE was 34.5% in 2000.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- average NUEe0
- Value
- 34.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At maturity, the average NUE was 22.3% in 1999 and 34.5% in 2000”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NUE was 42.5% when all N was applied at seeding, greater than with foliar application.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all N was applied at seedinge0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 42.5%e0
- Comparator
- N was foliar-applied at the boot stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average NUE was 22.3% in 1999 and 34.5% in 2000, but was always greater when all N was applied at seeding (42.5%) than when N was foliar-applied at the boot stage (18.5% to 24.5%)”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application at boot stage had NUE of 18.5% to 24.5%.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N was foliar-applied at the boot stagee0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 18.5% to 24.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average NUE was 22.3% in 1999 and 34.5% in 2000, but was always greater when all N was applied at seeding (42.5%) than when N was foliar-applied at the boot stage (18.5% to 24.5%)”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A small amount of fertilizer N at boot stage can improve bread making quality through greater grain protein.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- application of a small amount of fertilizer N at the boot stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of a small amount of fertilizer N at the boot stage can improve the bread-making quality of spring wheat by increasing grain protein concentration”
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See all 632 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.