Abstract
Research on lettuce nutrition and growth environment in paddy and red soils was conducted by field trials to investigate effects of fowl manure and chemical fertilizer. The results show that fowl manure significantly improves the physical and chemical characteristics and the activity of soil microorganism in both soil types. The soil bulk density in the different treatments is as follow: fowl manure treatment 1/2 fowl manure treatment chemical fertilizer + fowl manure chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the order for total porosity and water stable aggregate content is quite the opposite. The use of chemical fertilizer decreases soil pH, whereas fowl manure has no obvious effect on soil pH. The use of fowl manure increases the contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and K, total microorganism, bacteria, fungi and actinomyce. Using a certain amount of fowl manure decreases heavy metal and nitrate content in lettuce, but equally poses high risk of increasing coliform number in lettuce. Hence fowl manure should be harmlessly treated before use. There is a positive correlation between applied N amount and nitrate content in lettuce. Nitrate in lettuce increases as N utilization rate increases. As P fertilizer, in itself, contains some amount of heavy metal, it has a positive effect on heavy metal content in lettuce if applied in large amounts. K fertilizer increases the lettuce yield and output. The use of B in B deficient red soils increases lettuce yield. Higher yield and good return of lettuce can be achieved by using chemical fertilizer and fowl manure in combination.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Fowl manure improved soil physical and chemical characteristics and microbial activity in both soil types.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- fowl manuree0
- Outcome
- physical and chemical characteristics and the activity of soil microorganisme0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fowl manure significantly improves the physical and chemical characteristics and the activity of soil microorganism in both soil types”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fowl manure and fertilizer treatments differed in soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil bulk density in the different treatments is as follow: fowl manure treatment 1/2 fowl manure treatment chemical fertilizer + fowl manure chemical fertilizer treatment”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Total porosity and water stable aggregate content had the opposite treatment ordering to bulk density.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- total porosity and water stable aggregate contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the order for total porosity and water stable aggregate content is quite the opposite”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer decreased soil pH.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of chemical fertilizer decreases soil pH”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fowl manure had no obvious effect on soil pH.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fowl manuree0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- no obvious effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fowl manure has no obvious effect on soil pH”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fowl manure increased soil organic matter and available N, P and K.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fowl manuree0
- Outcome
- contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and Ke0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of fowl manure increases the contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and K”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fowl manure increased soil microorganisms, bacteria, fungi and actinomyces.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fowl manuree0
- Outcome
- total microorganism, bacteria, fungi and actinomycee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of fowl manure increases the contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and K, total microorganism, bacteria, fungi and actinomyce”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
A certain amount of fowl manure decreased heavy metal and nitrate content in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- a certain amount of fowl manuree0
- Outcome
- heavy metal and nitrate contente0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using a certain amount of fowl manure decreases heavy metal and nitrate content in lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fowl manure posed a risk of increasing coliform numbers in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- fowl manuree1
- Outcome
- coliform numbere0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but equally poses high risk of increasing coliform number in lettuce”
e1“Using a certain amount of fowl manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend harmless treatment of fowl manure before use.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- fowl manure should be harmlessly treated before usee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hence fowl manure should be harmlessly treated before use”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen amount correlated positively with lettuce nitrate content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- applied N amounte0
- Outcome
- nitrate contente0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There is a positive correlation between applied N amount and nitrate content in lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce nitrate increased as nitrogen utilization rate increased.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- Nitratee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- N utilization ratee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate in lettuce increases as N utilization rate increases”
Claim · model-written summary
Large applications of phosphorus fertilizer increased heavy metal content in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- heavy metal contente0
- Qualifier
- if applied in large amountse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P fertilizer, in itself, contains some amount of heavy metal, it has a positive effect on heavy metal content in lettuce if applied in large amounts”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilizer increased lettuce yield and output.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- K fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yield and outpute0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilizer increases the lettuce yield and output”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron application in deficient red soils increased lettuce yield.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- lettuce yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Setting
- B deficient red soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of B in B deficient red soils increases lettuce yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chemical fertilizer and fowl manure produced higher lettuce yield and good return.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizer and fowl manure in combinatione0
- Outcome
- yield and good returne0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher yield and good return of lettuce can be achieved by using chemical fertilizer and fowl manure in combination”
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See all 249 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.