Abstract
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) on Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd uptake and distribution in red clover plant were investigated by using a fourcompartment culturing system under greenhouse conditions.Cu(CuSO4·5H2O)100mg/kg,Zn(ZnSO4·7H2O)600mg/kg,Pb[Pb(NO3)2]300mg/kg,Cd(CdSO4·8H2O)10mg/kg were added to loamy soil which was precultured for one month before sowing clover seeds.The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil,while inoculation rates of two AMF species Glomus intraradices and Glomus caledonium are significantly decreased by 53% and 56% respectively and hypla density of Glomus intraradices is decreased by 73%.AMF still significantly decreases the uptake of Cu,Cd and Pb,and prevents transportation and distribution of heavy metals in the shoot systems of the clover plants.The concentrations of Pb,Cd in the clover shoots decrease by 24.2%～55.3% and 65%～97.9% respectively,compared with non-inoculated clover,below the upper limits of the standards of animal feed in China.It is concluded that AMF can increase clover quality and benefit field treatment of sewage one the hand,and limit contaminants uptake through food chain on the other.AMF plays a crucial role in regulating Cu,Zn and,especially Pb,and Cd bio-recycling in the ecosystem and in alleviating the stress and transfer of heavy metals along food chain.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover growth was not impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Treatment
- heavy metal contaminated soile0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e1“under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF Glomus intraradices inoculation rate decreased by 53% in the heavy metal contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- heavy metal contaminated soile0
- Interactor
- Glomus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation ratese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 53%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e1“inoculation rates of two AMF species Glomus intraradices and Glomus caledonium are significantly decreased by 53% and 56% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF Glomus caledonium inoculation rate decreased by 56% in the heavy metal contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- heavy metal contaminated soile0
- Interactor
- Glomus caledoniumFunneliformis caledoniume1symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation ratese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 56%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e1“inoculation rates of two AMF species Glomus intraradices and Glomus caledonium are significantly decreased by 53% and 56% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypha density of Glomus intraradices decreased by 73%.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Interactor
- Glomus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese2symbiont
- Outcome
- hypla densitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 73%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e2“hypla density of Glomus intraradices is decreased by 73%”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF decreased the uptake of Cu, Cd and Pb by red clover compared with non-inoculated clover.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- AMFe3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of Cu,Cd and Pbe3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Comparator
- non-inoculated clovere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e3“AMF still significantly decreases the uptake of Cu,Cd and Pb,and prevents transportation and distribution of heavy metals in the shoot systems of the clover plants”
e6“compared with non-inoculated clover”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF prevented transport and distribution of heavy metals in the shoots of clover.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- AMFe3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- transportation and distribution of heavy metals in the shoot systemse4
- Direction
- preventse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e3“AMF still significantly decreases the uptake of Cu,Cd and Pb,and prevents transportation and distribution of heavy metals in the shoot systems of the clover plants”
e4“prevents transportation and distribution of heavy metals in the shoot systems of the clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF decreased Pb concentration in clover shoots by 24.2% to 55.3% compared with non-inoculated clover.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- AMFe3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of Pb,Cd in the clover shootse5
- Direction
- decreasee5
- Value
- 24.2%～55.3%e5
- Comparator
- non-inoculated clovere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e3“AMF still significantly decreases the uptake of Cu,Cd and Pb,and prevents transportation and distribution of heavy metals in the shoot systems of the clover plants”
e5“The concentrations of Pb,Cd in the clover shoots decrease by 24.2%～55.3% and 65%～97.9% respectively,compared with non-inoculated clover”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF decreased Cd concentration in clover shoots by 65% to 97.9% compared with non-inoculated clover.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- AMFe3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of Pb,Cd in the clover shootse5
- Direction
- decreasee5
- Value
- 65%～97.9%e5
- Comparator
- non-inoculated clovere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of red clover is observed not to be impeded in the heavy metal contaminated soil”
e3“AMF still significantly decreases the uptake of Cu,Cd and Pb,and prevents transportation and distribution of heavy metals in the shoot systems of the clover plants”
e5“The concentrations of Pb,Cd in the clover shoots decrease by 24.2%～55.3% and 65%～97.9% respectively,compared with non-inoculated clover”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF can increase clover quality.
TrifoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“It is concluded that AMF can increase clover quality”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.