Abstract
Research of soil moisture before sowing(SMBS) and phosphorus(P) fertilization on Weibei Tableland is recognized to be of great significance for optimizing soil water and fertilizer management of wheat and achieving high crop yield and efficiency in rainfed areas.A five-year long allocation experiment was carried out to study the effects of soil moisture before sowing and phosphorus fertilization on the yield and water and fertilizer use efficiencies of winter wheat in Weibei Tableland of Yangling,Shannxi,China.There were 4 phosphorus rates,P2O5 0,50,100 and 150 kg/ha on the basis of N 160 kg/ha.The results show that precipitation from July to September in summer is the key factor to decide SMBS on Weibei Tableland,and they are linearly and positively correlated with 1 mm summer precipitation leading to an increase of 0.5 mm SMBS.For a stable or high wheat yield,the SMBS should be kept around 550 mm and summer precipitation around 380 mm.In years with adequate summer precipitation,the SMBS is not obviously decreased by the increased P fertilizer application in the previous winter wheat growing season.However,reasonable P application promotes the growth of winter wheat,and lead to more consumption of soil moisture during the growing season,then reduced soil moisture,and it is significantly decreased by 9-12 mm when the P2O5 rates is increased by each P2O5 50 kg/ha in the previous growing season in the years with little summer precipitation(less than 350 mm).In addition to soil moisture before sowing,adequate precipitation in the key growth stages is another important factor to ensure wheat yield in the areas.Calculation based on this experiment indicates that one millimeter of SMBS could produce 9.0-9.9 kg/ha of wheat grain,and one millimeter precipitation occurred in the key growth stages could lead to more grain yield as high as 28.6-33.3 kg/ha.Meanwhile,SMBS restricts the allocation and transportation of dry matter from vegetative parts to grain.For a higher winter wheat yield and water and fertilizer use efficiencies in the area,less P fertilizer is needed in the years with adequate SMBS,while more P fertilizer is needed when the SMBS is deficient.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Summer precipitation from July to September positively predicts presowing soil moisture; each 1 mm adds 0.5 mm.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- SMBSe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.5 mme0
- Qualifier
- 1 mm summer precipitatione0
- Setting
- Weibei Tablelande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precipitation from July to September in summer is the key factor to decide SMBS on Weibei Tableland,and they are linearly and positively correlated with 1 mm summer precipitation leading to an increase of 0.5 mm SMBS”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
About 550 mm presowing moisture and 380 mm summer precipitation are recommended for stable or high wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- stable or high wheat yielde0
- Value
- 550 mme0
- Qualifier
- summer precipitation around 380 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For a stable or high wheat yield,the SMBS should be kept around 550 mm and summer precipitation around 380 mm”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing prior phosphorus fertilizer did not obviously lower presowing moisture after adequate summer precipitation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- SMBSe0
- Direction
- not obviously decreasede0
- Qualifier
- adequate summer precipitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In years with adequate summer precipitation,the SMBS is not obviously decreased by the increased P fertilizer application in the previous winter wheat growing season”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reasonable phosphorus application promoted winter wheat growth.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- reasonable P applicatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reasonable P application promotes the growth of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reasonable phosphorus application increased growing season soil moisture consumption.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- reasonable P applicatione0
- Outcome
- consumption of soil moisturee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reasonable P application promotes the growth of winter wheat,and lead to more consumption of soil moisture during the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low summer rainfall, each 50 kg/ha increase in prior P2O5 significantly lowered soil moisture by 9–12 mm.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P2O5 50 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 9-12 mme0
- Qualifier
- less than 350 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil moisture,and it is significantly decreased by 9-12 mm when the P2O5 rates is increased by each P2O5 50 kg/ha in the previous growing season in the years with little summer precipitation(less than 350 mm)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
One millimeter of presowing soil moisture was associated with 9.0–9.9 kg/ha wheat grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- wheat graine0
- Direction
- producee0
- Value
- 9.0-9.9 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- one millimeter of SMBSe0
- Setting
- Weibei Tablelandt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one millimeter of SMBS could produce 9.0-9.9 kg/ha of wheat grain”
t0“winter wheat yield,water and fertilizer use efficiencies on Weibei Tableland”
Claim · model-written summary
One millimeter of precipitation at key growth stages was associated with 28.6–33.3 kg/ha more grain yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- key growth stagese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 28.6-33.3 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- one millimeter precipitatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one millimeter precipitation occurred in the key growth stages could lead to more grain yield as high as 28.6-33.3 kg/ha”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Presowing soil moisture restricts allocation and transport of dry matter to wheat grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative partse0
- Outcome
- allocation and transportation of dry matter from vegetative parts to graine0
- Direction
- restrictse0
- Qualifier
- SMBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SMBS restricts the allocation and transportation of dry matter from vegetative parts to grain”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend less phosphorus fertilizer when presowing soil moisture is adequate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- less P fertilizer is needede0
- Qualifier
- adequate SMBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less P fertilizer is needed in the years with adequate SMBS”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend more phosphorus fertilizer when presowing soil moisture is deficient.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- more P fertilizer is needede0
- Qualifier
- SMBS is deficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more P fertilizer is needed when the SMBS is deficient”
t0“winter wheat”
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