Abstract
【Objective】 Under the background of severe shortage of water resource and continuous development of facility cultivation, there is of important practical significance for studying the efficient use of water resource under protected cultivation condition. Based on this reason, the objective of this article was to select an optimal irrigation method and supply a substantial theoretical support for actual production application. 【Method】 Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials. There were four different irrigation methods, including full irrigation, alternate partial root-zone irrigation, water deficit pre-or post-veraison irrigation methods, which were used for the grapevine. Then the effects of different irrigation methods on the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, particle size, length of cluster, weight of cluster, berry weight, fruit quality, photosynthetic parameter of leaf, water use efficiency, leaf water potential, and fruit yield were analyzed. Based on these analyses, the best irrigation method could be screened out through comprehensive assessment. 【Result】 The three different patterns of water deficit could not only reduce the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, but also decrease berry length, berry width, berry weight, cluster length, and cluster weight. However, they increased reducing sugar, soluble solids, Vc of berry. The effects of different patterns of water deficit on scores internal quality of berry were different. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation and water deficit after veraison both enhanced the scores significantly, but water deficit during pre-veraison made the scores below the contrast treatment. Water deficit lowered the net photosynthetic, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaf, while increased the intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of it. In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter. The leaf water potentials of contrast treatment were higher than the others. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation method and water deficit during pre-veraison reduced yield significantly, however, the yield decrease caused by regulating deficit irrigation of water deficit occurred post-veraison was not obvious as compared with the contrast treatment. 【Conclusion】 Water deficit could be as a strategy to regulate the vegetative and reproductive growth, improve fruit quality and water use efficiency, thus increasing the economic and ecological benefits. Water deficit could also reduce the net photosynthetic rate and leaf water potential, which had a bad effect on the berry growth. Water deficit during post-veraison could reduce the plant's vigour, maintain yield and improve fruit quality and water use efficiency, it is a better strategy compared with the other irrigation methods.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced the number of axillary shoots, leaf area and stem diameter of Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e1“The three different patterns of water deficit could not only reduce the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, but also decrease berry length, berry width, berry weight, cluster length, and cluster weight. However, they increased reducing sugar, soluble solids, Vc of berry”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced internode length and weight of summer pruning of Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e1“The three different patterns of water deficit could not only reduce the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, but also decrease berry length, berry width, berry weight, cluster length, and cluster weight. However, they increased reducing sugar, soluble solids, Vc of berry”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased berry length, berry width and berry weight of Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e1“The three different patterns of water deficit could not only reduce the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, but also decrease berry length, berry width, berry weight, cluster length, and cluster weight. However, they increased reducing sugar, soluble solids, Vc of berry”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased cluster length and cluster weight of Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e1“The three different patterns of water deficit could not only reduce the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, but also decrease berry length, berry width, berry weight, cluster length, and cluster weight. However, they increased reducing sugar, soluble solids, Vc of berry”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased reducing sugar, soluble solids and Vc of berry in Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e1“The three different patterns of water deficit could not only reduce the number of axillary shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, internodes length, weight of summer pruning, but also decrease berry length, berry width, berry weight, cluster length, and cluster weight. However, they increased reducing sugar, soluble solids, Vc of berry”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate partial root-zone irrigation significantly enhanced the internal quality scores of Himrod berries compared with the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e2“Alternate partial root-zone irrigation and water deficit after veraison both enhanced the scores significantly, but water deficit during pre-veraison made the scores below the contrast treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit after veraison significantly enhanced the internal quality scores of Himrod berries compared with the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e2“Alternate partial root-zone irrigation and water deficit after veraison both enhanced the scores significantly, but water deficit during pre-veraison made the scores below the contrast treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit during pre-veraison made the internal quality scores of Himrod berries lower than the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e2“Alternate partial root-zone irrigation and water deficit after veraison both enhanced the scores significantly, but water deficit during pre-veraison made the scores below the contrast treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit lowered the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of Himrod leaves compared with the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e3“Water deficit lowered the net photosynthetic, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaf, while increased the intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of it”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of Himrod leaves compared with the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e3“Water deficit lowered the net photosynthetic, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaf, while increased the intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of it”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point and dark respiratory rate of Himrod were higher than in the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
In water deficit treatments, the maximum net photosynthetic rate of Himrod was lower than in the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e4“In water deficit treatments, initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point, dark respiratory rate were higher than contrast treatment, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate was lower than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water potential was higher in the contrast treatment than in the other treatments of Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e5“The leaf water potentials of contrast treatment were higher than the others”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate partial root-zone irrigation significantly reduced yield of Himrod table grape compared with the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e5“The leaf water potentials of contrast treatment were higher than the others. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation method and water deficit during pre-veraison reduced yield significantly, however, the yield decrease caused by regulating deficit irrigation of water deficit occurred post-veraison was not obvious as compared with the contrast treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit during pre-veraison significantly reduced yield of Himrod table grape compared with the contrast treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e5“The leaf water potentials of contrast treatment were higher than the others. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation method and water deficit during pre-veraison reduced yield significantly, however, the yield decrease caused by regulating deficit irrigation of water deficit occurred post-veraison was not obvious as compared with the contrast treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield decrease from water deficit applied post-veraison was not obvious compared with the contrast treatment of Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e5“The leaf water potentials of contrast treatment were higher than the others. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation method and water deficit during pre-veraison reduced yield significantly, however, the yield decrease caused by regulating deficit irrigation of water deficit occurred post-veraison was not obvious as compared with the contrast treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit could be used as a strategy to regulate the vegetative and reproductive growth of table grape, improving fruit quality and water use efficiency.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e6“Water deficit could be as a strategy to regulate the vegetative and reproductive growth, improve fruit quality and water use efficiency, thus increasing the economic and ecological benefits”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit applied during post-veraison is recommended as a better strategy than the other irrigation methods for Himrod table grape.
Verbatim
e0“Under the protected cultivation condition, the table grape variety Himrod was used as test materials”
e7“Water deficit during post-veraison could reduce the plant's vigour, maintain yield and improve fruit quality and water use efficiency, it is a better strategy compared with the other irrigation methods”
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