Abstract
Plants suffer quite often from mineral element toxicity resulted from acidification, salinization, and heavy metal pollution of soils. Calcium, an essential macronutrient, plays a crucial role in ameliorating the toxicity of mineral elements, which is reviewed extensively and intensively in the present paper. Recent research shows that the amelioration of mineral toxicity is achieved through: (1) raising soil pH by application of calcareous materials such as liming; (2) antagonistic effect against toxic ions; (3) maintaining normal plasmalemma function and increasing protective enzyme activities; (4)enhancing photosynthesis and normal respiration rates; (5) promoting groups of genes related tolerance by signal transduction of calcium.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium ameliorates mineral toxicity by raising soil pH through application of calcareous materials such as liming.
- Taxon
- Higher PlantsEmbryophytat0
- Treatment
- Calciumt1
- Outcome
- amelioration of mineral toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- raising soil pH by application of calcareous materials such as liminge1
Verbatim
e0“the amelioration of mineral toxicity is achieved through”
e1“raising soil pH by application of calcareous materials such as liming”
t0“Higher Plants”
t1“Calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium ameliorates mineral toxicity through an antagonistic effect against toxic ions.
- Taxon
- Higher PlantsEmbryophytat0
- Treatment
- Calciumt1
- Outcome
- amelioration of mineral toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- antagonistic effect against toxic ionse1
Verbatim
e0“the amelioration of mineral toxicity is achieved through”
e1“antagonistic effect against toxic ions”
t0“Higher Plants”
t1“Calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium ameliorates mineral toxicity by maintaining normal plasmalemma function and increasing protective enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Higher PlantsEmbryophytat0
- Treatment
- Calciumt1
- Outcome
- amelioration of mineral toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- maintaining normal plasmalemma function and increasing protective enzyme activitiese1
Verbatim
e0“the amelioration of mineral toxicity is achieved through”
e1“maintaining normal plasmalemma function and increasing protective enzyme activities”
t0“Higher Plants”
t1“Calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium ameliorates mineral toxicity by enhancing photosynthesis and normal respiration rates.
- Taxon
- Higher PlantsEmbryophytat0
- Treatment
- Calciumt1
- Outcome
- amelioration of mineral toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- enhancing photosynthesis and normal respiration ratese1
Verbatim
e0“the amelioration of mineral toxicity is achieved through”
e1“enhancing photosynthesis and normal respiration rates”
t0“Higher Plants”
t1“Calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium ameliorates mineral toxicity by promoting tolerance-related genes through calcium signal transduction.
Verbatim
e0“the amelioration of mineral toxicity is achieved through”
e1“promoting groups of genes related tolerance by signal transduction of calcium”
t0“Higher Plants”
t1“Calcium”