Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To extract the volatile oils from Lithospermum erythrorhizon via ultrasound-enhanced sub-critical water extraction (USWE) and compare with ultrasound-enhanced solvent extraction (USE) and steam distillation extraction (SD). METHODS: The extraction yield of the volatile oils, the containing components of extract, the effect of scanvenging activities on free radical DPPH and reducing activities as well as the inhibitory on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were investigated. RESULTS: The extraction yield of volatile oils by USWE, USE and SD were 2.39%, 1.93% and 0.62%, respectively, the extracts by three methods all contained six major components, but the extracts by SD and USE contained more impurities. The inhibitory effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus of the extract by SD and its reducing action were the best,but those by USWE were the worst. CONCLUSION: the extraction yield of volatile oils by USWE is the highest, and it contains less impurities based on the worst in reducing power and inhibitory effects.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
USWE extraction yielded 2.39% volatile oils.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizon
Lithospermum erythrorhizont0 - Treatment
- USWEe0
- Outcome
- extraction yield of volatile oilse0
- Value
- 2.39%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“The extraction yield of volatile oils by USWE, USE and SD were 2.39%, 1.93% and 0.62%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
USE extraction yielded 1.93% volatile oils.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Treatment
- USEe0
- Outcome
- extraction yield of volatile oilse0
- Value
- 1.93%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“The extraction yield of volatile oils by USWE, USE and SD were 2.39%, 1.93% and 0.62%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SD extraction yielded 0.62% volatile oils.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- extraction yield of volatile oilse0
- Value
- 0.62%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“The extraction yield of volatile oils by USWE, USE and SD were 2.39%, 1.93% and 0.62%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts from all three methods contained six major components.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Outcome
- six major componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“the extracts by three methods all contained six major components”
Claim · model-written summary
SD and USE extracts contained more impurities.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Outcome
- impuritiese0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“the extracts by SD and USE contained more impurities”
Claim · model-written summary
SD extract had the best inhibition of Escherichia coli.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Interactor
- escherichia coli
.jpg?width=60)
Escherichia colie0other - Outcome
- inhibitory effect on escherichia colie0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“The inhibitory effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus of the extract by SD and its reducing action were the best”
Claim · model-written summary
SD extract had the best inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Interactor
- staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureuse0other - Outcome
- inhibitory effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureuse0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“The inhibitory effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus of the extract by SD and its reducing action were the best”
Claim · model-written summary
SD extract had the best reducing action.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Outcome
- reducing actione0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“the extract by SD and its reducing action were the best”
Claim · model-written summary
USWE extract had the worst inhibitory effects and reducing power.
- Taxon
- Lithospermum erythrorhizonLithospermum erythrorhizont0
- Outcome
- reducing power and inhibitory effectse1
- Direction
- worste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lithospermum erythrorhizon”
e0“those by USWE were the worst”
e1“reducing power and inhibitory effects”