Abstract
The present article aims to introduce its investigation and research of the effects of petroleum at different concentrations on the quality of soybean,particularly,on the chlorophyll,malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities of soybean seedling growth.Our experiments and research were conducted in two ways:in the field planting of soybean and the pot-planting in room conditions.The pot experiment was carried out in hoping to study the effects of petroleum with different concentrations on the content of chlorophyll,malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities of soybean seedlings,whereas the field planting experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of petroleum-contaminated soil on the microbial distribution in polluted land and soybean in respect to its growth indexes and seed quality.The results of our pot experiments indicate that the contents of chlorophyll and SOD activities can be reduced 10.8 % and 9.8%,with MDA increased by 12.4% in the treatment of 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum.However,when the concentration remains at 3 000 mg·kg-1 and 5 000 mg·kg-1 of petroleum,no significant effects would be found on the soybean growth.In the meantime,the experiments with our field-planting cultivation of soybeans reveal that the crude grease and protein contents in the soybean seeds and germination percentage have no significant difference with unpolluted ones in comparison with the controlled soybean with the contrasted soybean samples.However,most growth indexes of soybean have been affected in 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum-contaminated soil.As to the soybean treated at the petroleum concentrations of 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1,noticeable decrease can be found with the soybean plant height,the bean-pod numbers of a single plant,the kernel/pod,one hundred-grain average weight,root DW,yield per plant,biomass,germination percentage,crude grease,etc.For example,BaP content is 5.32-5.59 μg·kg-1 significantly higher than the state-ruled standard(5 μg·kg-1).Obvious increases can be found with the amount of microorganism,especially oil-degraded bacteria with the samples harvested form the polluted soil.Thus,it can be concluded that,when the petroleum concentration in the soil reaches 10 000 mg·kg-1,the eco-toxicity of the petroleum-contaminated soil to the physiological properties of soybean has been found obvious.But,when the treatment of 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum,noticeable effects of the petroleum-contaminated soil can be detected on the growth indexes and the soybean seed quality,the microorganism growth would not be inhibited.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum, soybean seedling chlorophyll fell by 10.8 %.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the contents of chlorophyll and SOD activities can be reduced 10.8 % and 9.8%,with MDA increased by 12.4% in the treatment of 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum, soybean seedling SOD activity fell by 9.8%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the contents of chlorophyll and SOD activities can be reduced 10.8 % and 9.8%,with MDA increased by 12.4% in the treatment of 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum, soybean seedling MDA rose by 12.4%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“with MDA increased by 12.4% in the treatment of 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum at 3 000 mg·kg-1 had no significant effect on soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- 3 000 mg·kg-1e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the concentration remains at 3 000 mg·kg-1 and 5 000 mg·kg-1 of petroleum,no significant effects would be found on the soybean growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum at 5 000 mg·kg-1 had no significant effect on soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 5 000 mg·kg-1 of petroleume0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the concentration remains at 3 000 mg·kg-1 and 5 000 mg·kg-1 of petroleum,no significant effects would be found on the soybean growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Field soybean seeds from polluted soil did not differ significantly in crude grease or protein from controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- crude grease and protein contentse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- unpolluted onese0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude grease and protein contents in the soybean seeds and germination percentage have no significant difference with unpolluted ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Field soybean germination percentage did not differ significantly from unpolluted controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- unpolluted onese0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude grease and protein contents in the soybean seeds and germination percentage have no significant difference with unpolluted ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Most soybean growth indexes were affected at 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum-contaminated soile0
- Outcome
- growth indexese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most growth indexes of soybean have been affected in 10 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum at 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1 decreased soybean height, pod number and kernels per pod.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1e0
- Outcome
- plant height,the bean-pod numbers of a single plant,the kernel/pode0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the petroleum concentrations of 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1,noticeable decrease can be found with the soybean plant height,the bean-pod numbers of a single plant,the kernel/pod,one hundred-grain average weight,root DW,yield per plant,biomass,germination percentage,crude grease”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum at 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1 decreased soybean hundred-grain weight, root dry weight and yield per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1e0
- Outcome
- one hundred-grain average weight,root DW,yield per plante0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the petroleum concentrations of 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1,noticeable decrease can be found with the soybean plant height,the bean-pod numbers of a single plant,the kernel/pod,one hundred-grain average weight,root DW,yield per plant,biomass,germination percentage,crude grease”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum at 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1 decreased soybean biomass, germination and crude grease.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1e0
- Outcome
- biomass,germination percentage,crude greasee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the petroleum concentrations of 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1,noticeable decrease can be found with the soybean plant height,the bean-pod numbers of a single plant,the kernel/pod,one hundred-grain average weight,root DW,yield per plant,biomass,germination percentage,crude grease”
Claim · model-written summary
BaP content in soybean samples was 5.32-5.59 μg·kg-1, above the 5 μg·kg-1 standard.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“BaP content is 5.32-5.59 μg·kg-1 significantly higher than the state-ruled standard(5 μg·kg-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Microorganisms, especially oil-degrading bacteria, increased in polluted soil samples.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Obvious increases can be found with the amount of microorganism,especially oil-degraded bacteria with the samples harvested form the polluted soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Microorganism growth was not inhibited at 30 000-50 000 mg·kg-1 petroleum.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“the microorganism growth would not be inhibited.”