Abstract
Growth of lateral roots is regulated by both environmental factors and nitrate (NO(-)(3)) content of the plant. The mechanism involved is not clearly understood. Two maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines (478 and Wu312) were used to study the effect of different nitrate supply on lateral root (LR) growth by a whole plants agar culture. The results showed that increasing NO(-)(3)concentration in nutrient solution from 0.01 to 1.0 mmol/L significantly increased the LR length and root biomass. Lateral root density changed little with NO(-)(3) increase up to 5x10(-3) mol/L (for Wu312) - 10x10(-3) mol/L (for 478), then decreased significantly with increasing NO(-)(3). The inhibitory effect of high NO(-)(3) on root growth was weaker in 478 than in Wu312. The growth of lateral roots in Wu312 was completely inhibited by NO(-)(3) at a concentration of 10x10(-3) mol/L, whereas LR density of 478 could reach 30% (axial) and 50% (radicle) of its maximum even at NO(-)(3) 20x10(-3) mol/L. Both the shoot total N and shoot nitrate content increased with increasing NO(-)(3) level. They had similar mathematic functions with shoot/root ratio (Exponential Decay), LR density (Gaussian) and LR length (Parabola). When shoot N content exceed about 1.6 mol/kg and NO(-)(3) content exceed 0.22 mol/kg, shoot/root ratio increased rapidly; when the shoot N content exceed about 1.5 and NO(-)(3) exceed 0.16 mol/kg, LR densities began to decrease; when shoot N content reached about 1 mol/kg and NO(-)(3) content reached 0.10 mol/kg, the LR lengths began to decrease. The possible relationship between shoot NO(-)(3) content and lateral root growth was discussed.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrate from 0.01 to 1.0 mmol/L significantly increased lateral root length and root biomass.
- Treatment
- increasing NO(-)(3)concentration in nutrient solution from 0.01 to 1.0 mmol/Le1
- Outcome
- LR length and root biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that increasing NO(-)(3)concentration in nutrient solution from 0.01 to 1.0 mmol/L significantly increased the LR length and root biomass”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wu312, lateral root density changed little with nitrate increase up to 5x10(-3) mol/L.
- Material
- Wu312e2
- Treatment
- NO(-)(3) increasee2
- Outcome
- Lateral root densitye2
- Direction
- changed littlee2
- Value
- 5x10(-3) mol/Le2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Lateral root density changed little with NO(-)(3) increase up to 5x10(-3) mol/L (for Wu312) - 10x10(-3) mol/L (for 478), then decreased significantly with increasing NO(-)(3)”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In 478, lateral root density changed little with nitrate increase up to 10x10(-3) mol/L.
- Material
- 478e2
- Treatment
- NO(-)(3) increasee2
- Outcome
- Lateral root densitye2
- Direction
- changed littlee2
- Value
- 10x10(-3) mol/Le2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Lateral root density changed little with NO(-)(3) increase up to 5x10(-3) mol/L (for Wu312) - 10x10(-3) mol/L (for 478), then decreased significantly with increasing NO(-)(3)”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral root density decreased significantly with increasing nitrate beyond the threshold levels.
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Lateral root density changed little with NO(-)(3) increase up to 5x10(-3) mol/L (for Wu312) - 10x10(-3) mol/L (for 478), then decreased significantly with increasing NO(-)(3)”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of high nitrate on root growth was weaker in 478 than in Wu312.
- Material
- 478e3
- Treatment
- high NO(-)(3)e3
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect of high NO(-)(3) on root growthe3
- Direction
- weakere3
- Comparator
- Wu312e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The inhibitory effect of high NO(-)(3) on root growth was weaker in 478 than in Wu312”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral root growth in Wu312 was completely inhibited by nitrate at 10x10(-3) mol/L.
- Material
- Wu312e4
- Treatment
- NO(-)(3) at a concentration of 10x10(-3) mol/Le4
- Outcome
- growth of lateral rootse4
- Direction
- completely inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The growth of lateral roots in Wu312 was completely inhibited by NO(-)(3) at a concentration of 10x10(-3) mol/L, whereas LR density of 478 could reach 30% (axial) and 50% (radicle) of its maximum even at NO(-)(3) 20x10(-3) mol/L”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral root density of 478 could reach 30% of its maximum (axial) even at 20x10(-3) mol/L nitrate.
- Material
- 478e4
- Treatment
- NO(-)(3) 20x10(-3) mol/Le4
- Outcome
- LR densitye4
- Direction
- could reache4
- Value
- 30%e4
- Qualifier
- axiale4
- Comparator
- its maximume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The growth of lateral roots in Wu312 was completely inhibited by NO(-)(3) at a concentration of 10x10(-3) mol/L, whereas LR density of 478 could reach 30% (axial) and 50% (radicle) of its maximum even at NO(-)(3) 20x10(-3) mol/L”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral root density of 478 could reach 50% of its maximum (radicle) even at 20x10(-3) mol/L nitrate.
- Material
- 478e4
- Treatment
- NO(-)(3) 20x10(-3) mol/Le4
- Outcome
- LR densitye4
- Direction
- could reache4
- Value
- 50%e4
- Qualifier
- radiclee4
- Comparator
- its maximume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The growth of lateral roots in Wu312 was completely inhibited by NO(-)(3) at a concentration of 10x10(-3) mol/L, whereas LR density of 478 could reach 30% (axial) and 50% (radicle) of its maximum even at NO(-)(3) 20x10(-3) mol/L”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot total N and shoot nitrate content increased with increasing nitrate level.
- Organ / stage
- shoote5
- Treatment
- increasing NO(-)(3) levele5
- Outcome
- shoot total N and shoot nitrate contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Both the shoot total N and shoot nitrate content increased with increasing NO(-)(3) level”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot/root ratio followed an exponential decay function.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“They had similar mathematic functions with shoot/root ratio (Exponential Decay), LR density (Gaussian) and LR length (Parabola)”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
LR density followed a Gaussian function of shoot nitrogen and nitrate.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“They had similar mathematic functions with shoot/root ratio (Exponential Decay), LR density (Gaussian) and LR length (Parabola)”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
LR length followed a parabolic function of shoot nitrogen and nitrate.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“They had similar mathematic functions with shoot/root ratio (Exponential Decay), LR density (Gaussian) and LR length (Parabola)”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot/root ratio increased rapidly when shoot N content exceeded about 1.6 mol/kg and nitrate content exceeded 0.22 mol/kg.
- Organ / stage
- shoote7
- Outcome
- shoot/root ratioe7
- Direction
- increased rapidlye7
- Value
- 1.6 mol/kge7
- Qualifier
- NO(-)(3) content exceed 0.22 mol/kge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“When shoot N content exceed about 1.6 mol/kg and NO(-)(3) content exceed 0.22 mol/kg, shoot/root ratio increased rapidly”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
LR density began to decrease when shoot N content exceeded about 1.5 and nitrate content exceeded 0.16 mol/kg.
- Organ / stage
- shoote7
- Outcome
- LR densitiese7
- Direction
- began to decreasee7
- Value
- about 1.5e7
- Qualifier
- NO(-)(3) exceed 0.16 mol/kge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“when the shoot N content exceed about 1.5 and NO(-)(3) exceed 0.16 mol/kg, LR densities began to decrease”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
LR length began to decrease when shoot N content reached about 1 mol/kg and nitrate content reached 0.10 mol/kg.
- Organ / stage
- shoote6
- Outcome
- LR lengthse6
- Direction
- began to decreasee6
- Value
- about 1 mol/kge6
- Qualifier
- NO(-)(3) content reached 0.10 mol/kge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“when shoot N content reached about 1 mol/kg and NO(-)(3) content reached 0.10 mol/kg, the LR lengths began to decrease”
t0“lateral root growth in maize plants”
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