Abstract
Renewable raw materials could be a valuable source of phosphorus for plants. The bioavailability of this element can be enhanced by phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. Suspension biofertilizers have been produced from sewage sludge ash and animal bones and enriched with the bacteria Bacillus megaterium. The functional properties of these preparations were compared in field experiments (northeast Poland, 2014, four replications) on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare Mac Key) to conventional fertilizers (superphosphate, phosphorite), ash-water solution (without microorganisms) and a control treatment without P fertilization. The soil type and cultivation regime were adjusted to the requirements of spring wheat in line with good agricultural practice. The effects of biofertilizers on the following were investigated: wheat yield, ear density, number of grains in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, harvest index, weed infestation, the weight and structure of crop residues, and the pH of soil. Phosphorus biofertilizers from ash and bones equalled commercial fertilizers in terms of their crop-enhancing efficiency. Biofertilizer from ash, and ash diluted with water reduced weed infestation of the growing crop. Biofertilizer from bones resulted in a greater weight of wheat crop residues. Biofertilizers did not change the pH of soil. It is expected that the production of biofertilizers containing recycled phosphorus will be an alternative to its non-renewable resources and will also contribute to effective waste management.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Ash and bone phosphorus biofertilizers matched commercial fertilizers for crop enhancement.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Phosphorus biofertilizers from ash and bonese0
- Outcome
- crop-enhancing efficiencye0
- Direction
- equallede0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus biofertilizers from ash and bones equalled commercial fertilizers in terms of their crop-enhancing efficiency.”
e1“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare Mac Key)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash biofertilizer reduced weed infestation of wheat.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer from ashe0
- Outcome
- weed infestation of the growing crope0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizer from ash, and ash diluted with water reduced weed infestation of the growing crop.”
e1“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare Mac Key)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash diluted with water reduced weed infestation of wheat.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ash diluted with watere0
- Outcome
- weed infestation of the growing crope0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizer from ash, and ash diluted with water reduced weed infestation of the growing crop.”
e1“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare Mac Key)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bone biofertilizer produced greater wheat residue weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer from bonese0
- Outcome
- weight of wheat crop residuese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizer from bones resulted in a greater weight of wheat crop residues.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers did not change soil pH.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- pH of soile0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizers did not change the pH of soil.”
e1“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare Mac Key)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.