Abstract
Phosphate (P) availability often limits biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by diazotrophic bacteria. In soil, only 0.1% of the total P is available for plant uptake. P solubilizing bacteria can convert insoluble P to plant-available soluble P (ionic P and low molecular-weight organic P). However, limited information is available about the effects of synergistic application of diazotrophic bacteria and P solubilizing bacteria on the nitrogenase activity of rhizosphere and nifH expression of endosphere. In this study, we investigated the effects of co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth, plant and soil total N, plant total P, soil available P, soil nitrogenase activity and the relative expression of nifH in plant tissues. Co-inoculation significantly increased plant biomass (length, fresh and dry weight) and plant N content (root: 27%, shoot: 30%) and P content (root: 63%, shoot: 30%). Co-inoculation also significantly increased soil total N (12%), available P (9%) and nitrogenase activity (69%) compared to P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alone. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed co-inoculation doubled expression of nifH genes in shoots and roots. Soil nitrogenase activity and nifH expression within plant tissues correlated with P content of soil and plant tissues, which suggests solubilization of P by Paenibacillus sp. B1 increased N fixation in soils and the endosphere. In conclusion, P solubilizing bacteria generally improved soil available P and plant P uptake, and considerably stimulated BNF in the rhizosphere and endosphere of wheat seedlings.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation significantly increased wheat plant biomass.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Co-inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18Paenibacillus beijingensise1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus sp. B1
Paenibacillus sp. B1e1symbiont - Outcome
- plant biomasse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e2“Co-inoculation significantly increased plant biomass (length, fresh and dry weight) and plant N content (root: 27%, shoot: 30%) and P content (root: 63%, shoot: 30%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation significantly increased plant N content in wheat roots (27%) and shoots (30%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18Paenibacillus beijingensise1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus sp. B1Paenibacillus sp. B1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant N contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- root: 27%, shoot: 30%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e2“Co-inoculation significantly increased plant biomass (length, fresh and dry weight) and plant N content (root: 27%, shoot: 30%) and P content (root: 63%, shoot: 30%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation significantly increased plant P content in wheat roots (63%) and shoots (30%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18Paenibacillus beijingensise1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus sp. B1Paenibacillus sp. B1e1symbiont
- Outcome
- P contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- root: 63%, shoot: 30%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e2“Co-inoculation significantly increased plant biomass (length, fresh and dry weight) and plant N content (root: 27%, shoot: 30%) and P content (root: 63%, shoot: 30%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation significantly increased soil total N by 12% compared with P. beijingensis BJ-18 alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione3
- Outcome
- soil total Ne3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 12%e3
- Comparator
- P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e3“Co-inoculation also significantly increased soil total N (12%), available P (9%) and nitrogenase activity (69%) compared to P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation significantly increased soil available P by 9% compared with P. beijingensis BJ-18 alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione3
- Outcome
- available Pe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 9%e3
- Comparator
- P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e3“Co-inoculation also significantly increased soil total N (12%), available P (9%) and nitrogenase activity (69%) compared to P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogenase activity by 69% compared with P. beijingensis BJ-18 alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione3
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 69%e3
- Comparator
- P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e3“Co-inoculation also significantly increased soil total N (12%), available P (9%) and nitrogenase activity (69%) compared to P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation doubled nifH expression in wheat shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse4
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione4
- Gene
- nifHe4
- Outcome
- expression of nifH genese4
- Direction
- doublede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e4“Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed co-inoculation doubled expression of nifH genes in shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogenase activity and nifH expression in wheat correlated with P content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- nifHe5
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activity and nifH expressione5
- Direction
- correlatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e5“Soil nitrogenase activity and nifH expression within plant tissues correlated with P content of soil and plant tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Solubilization of P by Paenibacillus sp. B1 is suggested to increase N fixation in wheat soils and endosphere.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Paenibacillus sp. B1Paenibacillus sp. B1e6symbiont
- Outcome
- N fixation in soils and the endospheree6
- Qualifier
- solubilization of Pe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium ( Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium ( Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth”
e6“which suggests solubilization of P by Paenibacillus sp. B1 increased N fixation in soils and the endosphere”
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