Abstract
Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) were previously reported to afford some plant species with greater resistance to drought stress. Most of the mycorrhizal studies have been focused on physiological responses of host plants affected by AMF. However, characteristics of stomata, vessel and fibre are also closely related to plant water use efficiency. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the effects of AMF on anatomical properties of stomata and xylem in poplars. Methods A controlled pot-experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of an AMF, Rhizophagus irregularis, on the anatomical properties of stomata and xylem in Populus × canadensis(P. nigra × P. deltoides) ‘Neva' under drought and well watered conditions. Important findings Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings. The effects of AMF on biomass and vessel diameter were greater under drought condition than under well watered condition; whereas the effects on stomatal length were greater under well watered condition than under drought condition. AMF imposed a positive effect on stomatal density and a negative effect on fibre length, but did not affect water deficit in seedlings under well watered condition. Under drought, the effects of AMF were positive on fibre diameter, negative on water deficit, and not significant on stomatal density. In summary, the effects of AMF on vessel properties were greater under drought condition than under well watered condition; whereas the effects on stomatal properties were stronger under well watered condition than under drought condition. This might be beneficial for plants to maintain water and reduce water deficit when suffering from drought. Hence, AMF could promote the drought tolerance in poplars.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased biomass production, stomatal length and vessel diameter of poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularis
Rhizophagus irregularise0symbiont - Outcome
- biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diametere1
- Direction
- increasede1
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effects of an AMF, Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased fibre length of poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus irregularisRhizophagus irregularise0symbiont
- Outcome
- fibre lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effects of an AMF, Rhizophagus irregularis”
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of AMF on biomass and vessel diameter was greater under drought than under well-watered conditions.
- Treatment
- AMFe2
- Outcome
- biomass and vessel diametere2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Qualifier
- under drought conditione2
- Comparator
- under well watered conditione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e2“The effects of AMF on biomass and vessel diameter were greater under drought condition than under well watered condition; whereas the effects on stomatal length were greater under well watered condition than under drought condition”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of AMF on stomatal length was greater under well-watered than under drought conditions.
- Treatment
- AMFe2
- Outcome
- stomatal lengthe2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Qualifier
- under well watered conditione2
- Comparator
- under drought conditione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e2“The effects of AMF on biomass and vessel diameter were greater under drought condition than under well watered condition; whereas the effects on stomatal length were greater under well watered condition than under drought condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Under well-watered conditions, AMF had a positive effect on stomatal density of poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- AMFe3
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye3
- Direction
- positive effecte3
- Qualifier
- under well watered conditione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e3“AMF imposed a positive effect on stomatal density and a negative effect on fibre length, but did not affect water deficit in seedlings under well watered condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Under well-watered conditions, AMF had a negative effect on fibre length of poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- AMFe3
- Outcome
- fibre lengthe3
- Direction
- negative effecte3
- Qualifier
- under well watered conditione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e3“AMF imposed a positive effect on stomatal density and a negative effect on fibre length, but did not affect water deficit in seedlings under well watered condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Under well-watered conditions, AMF did not affect water deficit of poplar seedlings.
- Treatment
- AMFe3
- Outcome
- water deficite3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
- Qualifier
- under well watered conditione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e3“AMF imposed a positive effect on stomatal density and a negative effect on fibre length, but did not affect water deficit in seedlings under well watered condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, AMF had a positive effect on fibre diameter of poplar seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e4“Under drought, the effects of AMF were positive on fibre diameter, negative on water deficit, and not significant on stomatal density”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, AMF had a negative effect on water deficit of poplar seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e4“Under drought, the effects of AMF were positive on fibre diameter, negative on water deficit, and not significant on stomatal density”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, AMF had no significant effect on stomatal density of poplar seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings”
e4“Under drought, the effects of AMF were positive on fibre diameter, negative on water deficit, and not significant on stomatal density”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF could promote drought tolerance in poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Hence, AMF could promote the drought tolerance in poplars”
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