Abstract
The objective of this study was to find out the major soil nutrient ratio factors affecting fruit quail- ties, and to obtain the optimum proposal of soil nutrient ratio for good fruit qualities. It will provide basis data for growers in making rational application and increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree. The investigation and analysis were carried out on soil nutrient and fruit qualities in apple orchards of Beijing region from 2008 to 2009. 18 kinds of proportion between soil mineral elements were calculated; methods of canonical correlation analysis and linear program were used to screen major soil nutrient ratio factors affect- ing fruit qualities and to solve the optimum proposal of soil nutrient ratio for good fruit qualities and plentiful yield in Fuji apple. The results showed that soil nutrient ratios vary among different apple orchards, where- in the maximum value of alkaline hydrolysable N/available P, alkaline hydrolysable N/available K, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Zn, available K/Zn and available Ca/Zn was worth 7.95, 7.60, 10.58, 18.76 and 13.47 times the minimum value respectively. Canonical correlation and regression analysis obtained that both alkaline hydrolysable N/available P and available P/Ca were positively correlated with fruit mass, while alka- line hydrolysable N/available Ca was negatively correlated with it; both alkaline hydrolysable N/available Ca and alkaline hydrolysable N/available K were negatively correlated with firmness; alkaline hydrolysable N/available Fe had the greatest effect on fruit soluble solids content, and was negatively correlated with it, while available K/Fe was positively correlated with it. The optimum proposals of soil nutrient element ratio for good apple quality were alkaline hydrolysable N/available P 1.9, alkaline hydrolysable N/available K 0.18, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Ca 0.02 - 0.115, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Fe 1.6, alkaline hydro- lysable N/available Zn 4.0 - 55, alkaline hydrolysable N/available B 80 - 420, available P/K 0.4, available P/Ca 0.028 - 0.22, available P/Fe 3 - 30, available P/Zn 9 - 80, available P/B 600, available K/Ca 280, avail- able K/Fe 5.6 - 33, available K/Zn 125, available K/B 125 - 980, available Ca/Fe 500, available Ca/Zn 120 and available Ca/B 1300 - 11,500. Under this optimum proposal for soil nutrient ratio, the target of fruit qualities of 442.06 g mass, 13.87 kg/cm 2 firmness, 29.37% soluble solids, 0.51% titratable acid will be achieved theoretically. Taken together, it is the key to improve fruit soluble solids content by reducing soil alkaline hydrolysable N, increasing available K and stable available Fe.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum value of the alkaline hydrolysable N/available P ratio was 7.95 times its minimum value across orchards.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“the maximum value of alkaline hydrolysable N/available P, alkaline hydrolysable N/available K, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Zn, available K/Zn and available Ca/Zn was worth 7.95, 7.60, 10.58, 18.76 and 13.47 times the minimum value respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum value of the alkaline hydrolysable N/available K ratio was 7.60 times its minimum value across orchards.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“the maximum value of alkaline hydrolysable N/available P, alkaline hydrolysable N/available K, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Zn, available K/Zn and available Ca/Zn was worth 7.95, 7.60, 10.58, 18.76 and 13.47 times the minimum value respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum value of the alkaline hydrolysable N/available Zn ratio was 10.58 times its minimum value across orchards.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“the maximum value of alkaline hydrolysable N/available P, alkaline hydrolysable N/available K, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Zn, available K/Zn and available Ca/Zn was worth 7.95, 7.60, 10.58, 18.76 and 13.47 times the minimum value respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum value of the available K/Zn ratio was 18.76 times its minimum value across orchards.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“the maximum value of alkaline hydrolysable N/available P, alkaline hydrolysable N/available K, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Zn, available K/Zn and available Ca/Zn was worth 7.95, 7.60, 10.58, 18.76 and 13.47 times the minimum value respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum value of the available Ca/Zn ratio was 13.47 times its minimum value across orchards.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“the maximum value of alkaline hydrolysable N/available P, alkaline hydrolysable N/available K, alkaline hydrolysable N/available Zn, available K/Zn and available Ca/Zn was worth 7.95, 7.60, 10.58, 18.76 and 13.47 times the minimum value respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline hydrolysable N/available P and available P/Ca were positively correlated with fruit mass.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“both alkaline hydrolysable N/available P and available P/Ca were positively correlated with fruit mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline hydrolysable N/available Ca was negatively correlated with fruit mass.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“both alkaline hydrolysable N/available P and available P/Ca were positively correlated with fruit mass, while alka- line hydrolysable N/available Ca was negatively correlated with it”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline hydrolysable N/available Ca and alkaline hydrolysable N/available K were negatively correlated with firmness.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“both alkaline hydrolysable N/available Ca and alkaline hydrolysable N/available K were negatively correlated with firmness”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline hydrolysable N/available Fe had the greatest effect on fruit soluble solids content and was negatively correlated with it.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“alkaline hydrolysable N/available Fe had the greatest effect on fruit soluble solids content, and was negatively correlated with it, while available K/Fe was positively correlated with it”
Claim · model-written summary
Available K/Fe was positively correlated with fruit soluble solids content.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“alkaline hydrolysable N/available Fe had the greatest effect on fruit soluble solids content, and was negatively correlated with it, while available K/Fe was positively correlated with it”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum soil nutrient element ratios for good apple quality are proposed as alkaline hydrolysable N/available P 1.9 and the other listed ratios.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Outcome
- optimum proposals of soil nutrient element ratio for good apple qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The optimum proposals of soil nutrient element ratio for good apple quality were alkaline hydrolysable N/available P 1.9”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the optimum soil nutrient ratio proposal, fruit mass of 442.06 g is theoretically achievable.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitiese2
- Value
- 442.06 g masse2
- Qualifier
- will be achieved theoreticallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The optimum proposals of soil nutrient element ratio for good apple quality”
e2“the target of fruit qualities of 442.06 g mass, 13.87 kg/cm 2 firmness, 29.37% soluble solids, 0.51% titratable acid will be achieved theoretically”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the optimum soil nutrient ratio proposal, fruit firmness of 13.87 kg/cm 2 is theoretically achievable.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- firmnesse2
- Value
- 13.87 kg/cm 2e2
- Qualifier
- will be achieved theoreticallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The optimum proposals of soil nutrient element ratio for good apple quality”
e2“the target of fruit qualities of 442.06 g mass, 13.87 kg/cm 2 firmness, 29.37% soluble solids, 0.51% titratable acid will be achieved theoretically”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the optimum soil nutrient ratio proposal, fruit soluble solids of 29.37% is theoretically achievable.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- soluble solidse2
- Value
- 29.37%e2
- Qualifier
- will be achieved theoreticallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The optimum proposals of soil nutrient element ratio for good apple quality”
e2“the target of fruit qualities of 442.06 g mass, 13.87 kg/cm 2 firmness, 29.37% soluble solids, 0.51% titratable acid will be achieved theoretically”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the optimum soil nutrient ratio proposal, titratable acid of 0.51% is theoretically achievable.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- titratable acide2
- Value
- 0.51%e2
- Qualifier
- will be achieved theoreticallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The optimum proposals of soil nutrient element ratio for good apple quality”
e2“the target of fruit qualities of 442.06 g mass, 13.87 kg/cm 2 firmness, 29.37% soluble solids, 0.51% titratable acid will be achieved theoretically”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing soil alkaline hydrolysable N, increasing available K and stable available Fe is the key to improving fruit soluble solids content.
Verbatim
e1“increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer in Fuji apple tree”
e2“it is the key to improve fruit soluble solids content by reducing soil alkaline hydrolysable N, increasing available K and stable available Fe”