Abstract
Phosphorus is a restricted element as it causes eutrophication of especially still water systems.Due to the excessive application of phosphate fertilizers in recent years,farmlands have become the major source of phosphorus which causes water eutrophication.To determine optimal phosphorus applications in paddy fields,a field lysimeter experiment was conducted under different treatments of organic fertilizer(OT),mixed fertilizer(MT) and chemical fertilizer(CT).Phosphorus loss and migration characteristics in the fields under different treatments,and treatments effects on yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice were analyzed.Results showed that runoff loads of phosphorus under CT,MT,and OT were 0.56 kg(P)·hm-2,1.13 kg(P)·hm-2 and 4.19 kg(P)·hm-2,respectively.Also leaching loads of phosphorus under CT,MT and OT were 0.42 kg(P)·hm-2,0.44 kg(P)·hm-2 and 0.45 kg(P)·hm-2,respectively.Phosphorus loss in paddy fields was mainly through runoff,accounting for 56.86%-90.38% of total phosphorus loss.Runoff of phosphorus was mainly driven by fertilizer dose and rainfall intensity,and the loss through the first runoff accounted for about 50% of phosphorus loss.Phosphorus leach was not influenced by phosphorus dose,and over 80% of phosphorus loss occurred in the first 30 days after fertilizer application.Soluble phosphorus was the main form of phosphorus in surface water,seepage water and runoff water.While it was possible for MT and OT to ensure sufficient phosphorus supply in soils,CT decreased Olsen-P and organic matter in soils.Yields of paddy rice under the three treatments were significantly higher than that under the control,among which MT had the highest yield(6 728.84 kg·hm-2).Phosphorus fertilizer use efficiencies under CT and MT were significantly higher than that under OT.In conclusion,MT was better fertilzation pattern for phosphorus loss control,soil nutrient utilization and paddy rice yield in eco-agricultural systems in China.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher.
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Runoff phosphorus loads were 0.56, 1.13 and 4.19 kg(P)·hm-2 under CT, MT and OT.
Verbatim
e0“runoff loads of phosphorus under CT,MT,and OT were 0.56 kg(P)·hm-2,1.13 kg(P)·hm-2 and 4.19 kg(P)·hm-2,respectively”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaching phosphorus loads were 0.42, 0.44 and 0.45 kg(P)·hm-2 under CT, MT and OT.
Verbatim
e0“leaching loads of phosphorus under CT,MT and OT were 0.42 kg(P)·hm-2,0.44 kg(P)·hm-2 and 0.45 kg(P)·hm-2,respectively”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Runoff accounted for 56.86%-90.38% of total phosphorus loss.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus loss in paddy fields was mainly through runoff,accounting for 56.86%-90.38% of total phosphorus loss”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The first runoff accounted for about half of phosphorus loss.
Verbatim
e0“the loss through the first runoff accounted for about 50% of phosphorus loss”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 80% of phosphorus loss occurred in the first 30 days after fertilizer application.
Verbatim
e0“over 80% of phosphorus loss occurred in the first 30 days after fertilizer application”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus runoff was driven mainly by fertilizer dose and rainfall intensity.
- Taxon
- paddy ricee1
- Treatment
- fertilizer dosee0
- Outcome
- Runoff of phosphoruse0
- Qualifier
- rainfall intensitye0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Runoff of phosphorus was mainly driven by fertilizer dose and rainfall intensity”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus leaching was not influenced by phosphorus dose.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus leach was not influenced by phosphorus dose”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble phosphorus was the main form in surface, seepage and runoff water.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble phosphorus was the main form of phosphorus in surface water,seepage water and runoff water”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MT and OT could ensure sufficient phosphorus supply in soils.
Verbatim
e0“it was possible for MT and OT to ensure sufficient phosphorus supply in soils”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CT decreased soil Olsen-P and organic matter.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“CT decreased Olsen-P and organic matter in soils”
e1“yield and phosphorus utilization ratio of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
All three fertilizer treatments raised paddy rice yields over control.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of paddy rice under the three treatments were significantly higher than that under the control”
Claim · model-written summary
MT had the highest rice yield of 6 728.84 kg·hm-2.
Verbatim
e0“MT had the highest yield(6 728.84 kg·hm-2)”
e1“Yields of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CT and MT had higher phosphorus fertilizer use efficiencies than OT.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus fertilizer use efficiencies under CT and MT were significantly higher than that under OT”
e1“Yields of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend MT for phosphorus loss control, soil nutrient utilization and rice yield.
Verbatim
e0“MT was better fertilzation pattern for phosphorus loss control,soil nutrient utilization and paddy rice yield”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
201 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
216 papers more in this group
See all 220 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.