Abstract
Nitrogen management remains one of the most challenging tasks forsustainable agriculture.Based on soil analysis and fertilizerrecommendation OPT(N 210,P2O5 90,K2O60 kg/hm2),field experiment was conducted in a randomized design with six treatments and three replicates to study the influence of the distribution of nitrogen application on summer maize yield,net re-turn,and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen application as well as nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that the distribution of nitrogen application had a significant effect on summermaize yield,net return,the nitrogen content of grain and stalk as well as ni-trogen uptake.The treatment of OPT3(1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growth) produced the highest yield and net return by 10 102 kg/hm2 and 15 319 yuan/hm2,respectively.Comparing with the treatment of without nitrogen application(OPT-N),yield and net return increased by 23.4%and 19.3%,respectively.At mean time,agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency were 9.1 kg and 47.0%,respectively.This indicated that OPT3 was optimum mannerof nitrogen distribution.The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm2).Compared with OPT-N,yield and net return increased by 20.9%and 16.6%,re-spectively.But nitrogen agronomic efficiency(8.2 kg)and nitrogen use efficiency(38.6%)were lowerthan OPT3.OPT1 also was an option manner.These results will provide theoretic and practice guide forrational fertilization of summer maize in southern region of Shanxi province.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The OPT3 nitrogen distribution (half N at V5-6 and half at jointing) gave the highest maize yield, at 10 102 kg/hm2.
- Treatment
- 1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growthe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 10 102 kg/hm2e1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e1“The treatment of OPT3(1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growth) produced the highest yield and net return by 10 102 kg/hm2 and 15 319 yuan/hm2,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The OPT3 nitrogen distribution gave the highest net return, at 15 319 yuan/hm2.
- Treatment
- 1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growthe1
- Outcome
- net returne1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 15 319 yuan/hm2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e1“The treatment of OPT3(1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growth) produced the highest yield and net return by 10 102 kg/hm2 and 15 319 yuan/hm2,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The distribution of nitrogen application had a significant effect on summer maize yield, net return and grain and stalk nitrogen content.
- Treatment
- distribution of nitrogen applicatione2
- Outcome
- summermaize yield,net return,the nitrogen content of grain and stalke2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e2“the distribution of nitrogen application had a significant effect on summermaize yield,net return,the nitrogen content of grain and stalk as well as ni-trogen uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The distribution of nitrogen application had a significant effect on nitrogen uptake.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e2“the distribution of nitrogen application had a significant effect on summermaize yield,net return,the nitrogen content of grain and stalk as well as ni-trogen uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT3 increased maize yield by 23.4% relative to no nitrogen application.
- Treatment
- OPT3e1
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 23.4%e3
- Comparator
- without nitrogen application(OPT-N)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e1“The treatment of OPT3(1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growth) produced the highest yield and net return by 10 102 kg/hm2 and 15 319 yuan/hm2,respectively”
e3“Comparing with the treatment of without nitrogen application(OPT-N),yield and net return increased by 23.4%and 19.3%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT3 increased maize net return by 19.3% relative to no nitrogen application.
- Treatment
- OPT3e1
- Outcome
- net returne3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 19.3%e3
- Comparator
- without nitrogen application(OPT-N)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e1“The treatment of OPT3(1/2 N applied at V 5-6 stage and 1/2 N as topdressing at jointing stage of maize growth) produced the highest yield and net return by 10 102 kg/hm2 and 15 319 yuan/hm2,respectively”
e3“Comparing with the treatment of without nitrogen application(OPT-N),yield and net return increased by 23.4%and 19.3%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT1 nitrogen application at jointing gave a better maize yield, at 9 897 kg/hm2.
- Treatment
- N applied at jointing stage of maize growthe4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Value
- 9 897 kg/hm2e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e4“The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm2)”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT1 nitrogen application at jointing gave a better maize net return, at 14 971 yuan/hm2.
- Treatment
- N applied at jointing stage of maize growthe4
- Outcome
- net returne4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Value
- 14 971yuan/hm2e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e4“The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm2)”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT1 increased maize yield by 20.9% relative to no nitrogen application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e4“The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm2)”
e5“Compared with OPT-N,yield and net return increased by 20.9%and 16.6%,re-spectively”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT1 increased maize net return by 16.6% relative to no nitrogen application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e4“The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm2)”
e5“Compared with OPT-N,yield and net return increased by 20.9%and 16.6%,re-spectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was 9.1 kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e6“agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency were 9.1 kg and 47.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean nitrogen use efficiency was 47.0%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e6“agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency were 9.1 kg and 47.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT1 gave a lower nitrogen agronomic efficiency than OPT3, at 8.2 kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e4“The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm2)”
e7“But nitrogen agronomic efficiency(8.2 kg)and nitrogen use efficiency(38.6%)were lowerthan OPT3”
Claim · model-written summary
OPT1 gave a lower nitrogen use efficiency than OPT3, at 38.6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e4“The treatment of OPT1(N applied at jointing stage of maize growth)helped produce betteryield(9 897 kg/hm2)and net return(14 971yuan/hm2)”
e7“But nitrogen agronomic efficiency(8.2 kg)and nitrogen use efficiency(38.6%)were lowerthan OPT3”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that OPT3 is the optimum manner of nitrogen distribution.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e0“This indicated that OPT3 was optimum mannerof nitrogen distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that OPT1 is also an option manner of nitrogen distribution.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Maize”
e0“OPT1 also was an option manner”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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