Abstract
The importance of ectomycorrhizas in Eucalyptus tetrodonta F.Muell. and E. miniata Cunn. ex Schauer dominated forests and woodland communities in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia was assessed. Ectomycorrhizas colonised between 24 and 54% of final order lateral roots in soil cores collected at 16 native forest sites. Only a minority of the plant species present formed ectomycorrhizas (mainly eucalypts and acacias) but these species contributed more than 75% of the basal area. More than 70 species of putative ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected, with three hypogeous taxa ( Nothocastoreum , Hysterangium and an undescribed Boletaceae) most frequently encountered. Glasshouse inoculation experiments confirmed that a diverse range of fungi was capable of forming ectomycorrhizas with E. tetrodonta and E. miniata seedlings, and that the growth of both species could be substantially increased by inoculation with specific fungi. The fungi most effective in increasing seedling growth were generally those which most extensively colonised the seedling roots. A second component of this study investigated the requirements for ectomycorrhizal fungi in native forest rehabilitation following mining. Ectomycorrhizal infectivity was low in disturbed soils and mine spoil materials, with the intensity of disturbance and the presence of regrowth vegetation key determinants of the level of infectivity. Inoculation of seedlings of E. miniata with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi increased both growth and leaf phosphorus concentrations by between two- and three-fold at 7 months after planting out on a waste rock dump devoid of native ectomycorrhizal propagules. The application of these findings to minesite rehabilitation in the region, and the feasibility of using spores for broad-scale inoculation, are discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ectomycorrhizas colonized 24–54% of final-order lateral roots in native forest soil cores.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus
.jpg?width=60)
Eucalyptust0 - Outcome
- final order lateral rootse0
- Direction
- colonisede0
- Value
- between 24 and 54%e0
- Setting
- native forest sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Ectomycorrhizas colonised between 24 and 54% of final order lateral roots in soil cores collected at 16 native forest sites.”
t0“Eucalyptus tetrodonta and E. miniata”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectomycorrhizal plant species were a minority but contributed more than 75% of basal area.
Verbatim
e0“Only a minority of the plant species present formed ectomycorrhizas (mainly eucalypts and acacias) but these species contributed more than 75% of the basal area.”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 70 putative ectomycorrhizal fungal species were collected.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Interactor
- ectomycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- putative ectomycorrhizal fungie0
- Value
- More than 70 speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 70 species of putative ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected, with three hypogeous taxa ( Nothocastoreum , Hysterangium and an undescribed Boletaceae) most frequently encountered.”
t0“Eucalyptus tetrodonta and E. miniata”
Claim · model-written summary
Nothocastoreum, Hysterangium, and an undescribed Boletaceae were the most frequently encountered hypogeous fungi.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Interactor
- NothocastoreumNothocastoreume0symbiont
- Outcome
- most frequently encounterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three hypogeous taxa ( Nothocastoreum , Hysterangium and an undescribed Boletaceae) most frequently encountered.”
t0“Eucalyptus tetrodonta and E. miniata”
Claim · model-written summary
A diverse range of fungi formed ectomycorrhizas with E. tetrodonta seedlings.
- Taxon
- E. tetrodonta
Eucalyptus tetrodontae0 - Outcome
- forming ectomycorrhizase0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a diverse range of fungi was capable of forming ectomycorrhizas with E. tetrodonta and E. miniata seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A diverse range of fungi formed ectomycorrhizas with E. miniata seedlings.
- Taxon
- E. miniata
Eucalyptus miniatae0 - Outcome
- forming ectomycorrhizase0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a diverse range of fungi was capable of forming ectomycorrhizas with E. tetrodonta and E. miniata seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with specific fungi substantially increased E. tetrodonta seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus tetrodontaEucalyptus tetrodontat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with specific fungie0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of both species could be substantially increased by inoculation with specific fungi.”
t0“Eucalyptus tetrodonta”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with specific fungi substantially increased E. miniata seedling growth.
- Taxon
- E. miniataEucalyptus miniatat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with specific fungie0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of both species could be substantially increased by inoculation with specific fungi.”
t0“E. miniata”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungi that most increased seedling growth generally colonized roots most extensively.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungi most effective in increasing seedling growth were generally those which most extensively colonised the seedling roots.”
t0“Eucalyptus tetrodonta and E. miniata”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectomycorrhizal infectivity was low in disturbed soils and mine spoil, varying with disturbance intensity and regrowth.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Outcome
- Ectomycorrhizal infectivitye0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Setting
- disturbed soils and mine spoil materialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectomycorrhizal infectivity was low in disturbed soils and mine spoil materials, with the intensity of disturbance and the presence of regrowth vegetation key determinants of the level of infectivity.”
t0“Eucalyptus tetrodonta and E. miniata”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectomycorrhizal spore inoculation increased E. miniata growth two- to threefold after seven months on a waste rock dump.
- Taxon
- E. miniataEucalyptus miniatae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of seedlings of E. miniata with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungie0
- Interactor
- ectomycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- between two- and three-folde0
- Comparator
- devoid of native ectomycorrhizal propagulese0
- Setting
- waste rock dumpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of seedlings of E. miniata with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi increased both growth and leaf phosphorus concentrations by between two- and three-fold at 7 months after planting out on a waste rock dump devoid of native ectomycorrhizal propagules.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectomycorrhizal spore inoculation increased E. miniata leaf phosphorus concentration two- to threefold after seven months.
- Taxon
- E. miniataEucalyptus miniatae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of seedlings of E. miniata with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungie0
- Interactor
- ectomycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf phosphorus concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- between two- and three-folde0
- Comparator
- devoid of native ectomycorrhizal propagulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of seedlings of E. miniata with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi increased both growth and leaf phosphorus concentrations by between two- and three-fold at 7 months after planting out on a waste rock dump devoid of native ectomycorrhizal propagules.”