Abstract
The development of cultivars with modified seed composition represents an excellent alternative to cope with the world's need for more nutritious food. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors controlling crop seed quality traits is of crucial importance for such an endeavor. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the efficiency of phenotype and marker-assisted selection for low stachyose and low phytate soybean breeding lines, and their yield stability, b) to study the effect of management practices planting date and delayed harvest on soybean seed composition, and c) to study the potential association between soil properties and leaf chemical element concentration, with seed composition. Selection efficiency in six breeding populations segregating for the low phytate and low stachyose traits was studied by determining the proportion of phenotypically selected lines that carried the alleles for the low phytate trait or low stachyose traits. Yield stability of low phytate/low stachyose lines was studied in a set of 16 breeding lines selected from a breeding population segregating for the low phytate/low stachyose trait, and grown in five Arkansas environments. Planting date effects on seed composition were studied in nine breeding lines planted in early May, late May, and late June at two Arkansas locations in two consecutive years. Delayed harvest effects on seed composition and the association between soil properties and leaf chemical element concentration, with seed composition were studied in the late May planting date. Results showed that the efficiency of marker-assisted selection depended on the type of marker used, whereas phenotype-assisted selection depended on the germplasm that was being screened and on the phenotype used to make breeding selections. Breeders should use marker-assisted selection for low phytate/low stachyose lines only if phenotyping large number of progenies is not time or cost effective. Most of the low phytate/low stachyose lines showed low yield stability. However, one of the low phytate/low stachyose lines studied, R08-6009, showed competitive yield and adaptation to all the environments where the line was evaluated. R08-6009 should be crossed to high-yield lines to generate progeny with greater yield potential. Other lines studied showed moderately high oleic (>45 mg g-1) and low linolenic (g-1) acids concentrations in the oil, which are novel and unique combinations with the low phytate/low stachyose trait. Planting date significantly affected seed organic and inorganic composition. Early planting increased seed protein, oleic acid and decreased linolenic acid, whereas late planting increased sucrose, but did not affect stachyose. Production of soybeans with high protein/high quality oil should be performed in early-planting production systems, whereas planting high sugar food-grade cultivars late in the season should fit well in a double-crop system. Although seed components tended to decrease when harvest was delayed, the magnitude was not large enough to recommend to purposely change the time of harvest to attain a particular seed composition (e.g. low seed calcium). Attempting to modify composition by nutrient fertilization may not be profitable, as no association between leaf or soil chemical elements with seed composition was observed. The findings reported in this dissertation may help: 1) develop low phytate/low stachyose soybean breeding lines/cultivar adapted to Arkansas, 2) understand how those breeding lines can be developed in a shorter period of time (increase selection efficiency), 3) deliver specialty soybean cultivars that come not only come with improved seed quality traits and high yield potential, but also with supporting information on some management practices (planting date, time of harvest, response to specific soil nutrients) that may help farmers meet market specifications and contribute to sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Marker assisted selection efficiency depended on marker type.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“the efficiency of marker-assisted selection depended on the type of marker used”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotype assisted selection efficiency depended on germplasm and selection phenotype.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“phenotype-assisted selection depended on the germplasm that was being screened and on the phenotype used to make breeding selections”
Claim · model-written summary
Marker assisted selection is recommended only when large scale phenotyping is not time or cost effective.
- Outcome
- use marker-assisted selection for low phytate/low stachyose lines only if phenotyping large number of progenies is not time or cost effectivee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Breeders should use marker-assisted selection for low phytate/low stachyose lines only if phenotyping large number of progenies is not time or cost effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Most low phytate and low stachyose lines showed low yield stability.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Most of the low phytate/low stachyose lines showed low yield stability”
Claim · model-written summary
R08-6009 showed competitive yield and adaptation across evaluated environments.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“R08-6009, showed competitive yield and adaptation to all the environments where the line was evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
R08-6009 should be crossed with high yield lines.
- Material
- R08-6009e0
- Outcome
- crossed to high-yield lines to generate progeny with greater yield potentiale0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“R08-6009 should be crossed to high-yield lines to generate progeny with greater yield potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Other lines had moderately high oleic acid concentrations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Other lines studied showed moderately high oleic (>45 mg g-1) and low linolenic (g-1) acids concentrations in the oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Other lines had low linolenic acid concentrations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Other lines studied showed moderately high oleic (>45 mg g-1) and low linolenic (g-1) acids concentrations in the oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date significantly affected organic and inorganic seed composition.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Planting date significantly affected seed organic and inorganic composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting increased seed protein and oleic acid.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Early planting increased seed protein, oleic acid and decreased linolenic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting decreased linolenic acid.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Early planting increased seed protein, oleic acid and decreased linolenic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Late planting increased sucrose.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“late planting increased sucrose, but did not affect stachyose”
Claim · model-written summary
Late planting did not affect stachyose.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“late planting increased sucrose, but did not affect stachyose”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting is recommended for high protein and high quality oil soybean production.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- high protein/high quality oil should be performed in early-planting production systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of soybeans with high protein/high quality oil should be performed in early-planting production systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Late planting is recommended for high sugar food grade cultivars in double crop systems.
- Outcome
- planting high sugar food-grade cultivars late in the season should fit well in a double-crop systeme0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“planting high sugar food-grade cultivars late in the season should fit well in a double-crop system”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed components tended to decline with delayed harvest.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“seed components tended to decrease when harvest was delayed”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing harvest time solely to alter seed composition was not recommended.
- Outcome
- recommend to purposely change the time of harvest to attain a particular seed compositione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“not large enough to recommend to purposely change the time of harvest to attain a particular seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and soil chemical elements showed no association with seed composition.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“no association between leaf or soil chemical elements with seed composition was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient fertilization to change seed composition may be unprofitable.
- Outcome
- modify composition by nutrient fertilization may not be profitablee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Attempting to modify composition by nutrient fertilization may not be profitable”