Abstract
Although fruits obtained by organic cultivation (OC) have been believed to be healthier than those by conventional cultivation (CC), but clear experimental evidences supporting the assumption are still lacking. Therefore this study was carried out to investigate the effects of OC on total polyphenol content and anti-oxidant activity in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica ). Anthocyanin content of fruit skin was increased in apples from OC. Soluble solid content and pH of apple juice was higher in the OC than in the CC, but total acidity in fruit juice showed reversed result. Also, chlorophyll content showed no difference between OC and CC. Total polyphenol compounds extracted with methanol, were higher in the OC than in the CC, and also higher in peel than in flesh. Also, anti-oxidant activity estimated by free radical scavenging effect showed significantly stronger under the OC than the CC.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin content of fruit skin was increased in apples from organic cultivation compared with conventional cultivation.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticae2 - Treatment
- organic cultivation (OC)e0
- Outcome
- Anthocyanin content of fruit skine1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- conventional cultivation (CC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruits obtained by organic cultivation (OC) have been believed to be healthier than those by conventional cultivation (CC)”
e1“Anthocyanin content of fruit skin was increased in apples from OC”
e2“in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica )”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble solid content and pH of apple juice were higher under organic than conventional cultivation.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- OCe3
- Outcome
- Soluble solid content and pH of apple juicee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- CCe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica )”
e3“Soluble solid content and pH of apple juice was higher in the OC than in the CC, but total acidity in fruit juice showed reversed result”
Claim · model-written summary
Total acidity in apple juice was lower under organic than conventional cultivation.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- OCe3
- Outcome
- total acidity in fruit juicee3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Comparator
- CCe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica )”
e3“Soluble solid content and pH of apple juice was higher in the OC than in the CC, but total acidity in fruit juice showed reversed result”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content did not differ between organic and conventional cultivation.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- OCe4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- no differencee4
- Comparator
- CCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica )”
e4“chlorophyll content showed no difference between OC and CC”
Claim · model-written summary
Total polyphenol compounds were higher in apples under organic than conventional cultivation.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- OCe5
- Outcome
- Total polyphenol compoundse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- CCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica )”
e5“Total polyphenol compounds extracted with methanol, were higher in the OC than in the CC, and also higher in peel than in flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Total polyphenol compounds were higher in apple peel than in flesh.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- peele5
- Outcome
- Total polyphenol compoundse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- fleshe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica )”
e5“Total polyphenol compounds extracted with methanol, were higher in the OC than in the CC, and also higher in peel than in flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Anti-oxidant activity measured by free radical scavenging was significantly stronger under organic than conventional cultivation.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- OCe6
- Outcome
- anti-oxidant activitye6
- Direction
- strongere6
- Qualifier
- estimated by free radical scavenging effecte6
- Comparator
- CCe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in `Hongro' apples ( Malus domestica )”
e6“anti-oxidant activity estimated by free radical scavenging effect showed significantly stronger under the OC than the CC”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →cultivation system · quality: phytochemicals · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →cultivation system · physiology: pigments · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.