Abstract
A field experiment was conducted for two years on a sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept) soil of Punjab to study the effect of organic materials and rice cultivars on methane emission from rice fields. The methane flux varied between 0.04 and 0.93 mg m(-2) hr(-1) in bare soil and transplanting of rice crop doubled the methane flux (0.07 to 2.06 mg m(-2) hr(-1)). Among rice cultivars, significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of methane was emitted from Pusa 44 compared to PR 118 and PR 111. Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields and resulted in increased soil organic carbon content. The greatest seasonal methane flux was observed in wheat straw amended plots (229.6 kg ha(-1)) followed by farmyard manure (111.6 kg ha(-1)), green manure (85.4 kg ha(-1)) and the least from rice straw compost amended plots (36.9 kg ha(-1)) as compared to control (21.5 kg ha(-1)). The differential effect of organic materials in enhancing methane flux was related to total carbon or C:N ratio of the material. The results showed that incorporation of humified organic matter such as rice straw compost could minimize methane emission from rice fields with co-benefits of increased soil fertility and crop productivity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bare-soil methane flux varied between 0.04 and 0.93 mg m(-2) hr(-1).
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Outcome
- methane fluxe2
- Value
- 0.04 and 0.93 mg m(-2) hr(-1)e2
- Setting
- bare soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The methane flux varied between 0.04 and 0.93 mg m(-2) hr(-1) in bare soil”
e1“transplanting of rice crop doubled the methane flux (0.07 to 2.06 mg m(-2) hr(-1))”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting rice doubled methane flux relative to bare soil (0.07 to 2.06 mg m(-2) hr(-1)).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- transplanting of rice crope1
- Outcome
- methane fluxe1
- Direction
- doublede1
- Value
- 0.07 to 2.06 mg m(-2) hr(-1)e1
- Comparator
- bare soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“transplanting of rice crop doubled the methane flux (0.07 to 2.06 mg m(-2) hr(-1))”
e2“The methane flux varied between 0.04 and 0.93 mg m(-2) hr(-1) in bare soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Pusa 44 emitted significantly more methane than PR 118 and PR 111.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Material
- Pusa 44e3
- Treatment
- rice cultivarse3
- Outcome
- amount of methanee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- PR 118 and PR 111e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Among rice cultivars, significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of methane was emitted from Pusa 44 compared to PR 118 and PR 111”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- Application of organic materialse4
- Outcome
- methane emissione4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of organic materials increased soil organic carbon content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- Application of organic materialse4
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields”
e5“resulted in increased soil organic carbon content”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw amended plots had the greatest seasonal methane flux (229.6 kg ha(-1)), compared with control (21.5 kg ha(-1)).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- wheat straw amended plotse6
- Outcome
- seasonal methane fluxe6
- Direction
- greateste6
- Value
- 229.6 kg ha(-1)e6
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The greatest seasonal methane flux was observed in wheat straw amended plots (229.6 kg ha(-1))”
e7“as compared to control (21.5 kg ha(-1))”
e4“Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure gave a higher seasonal methane flux (111.6 kg ha(-1)) than control (21.5 kg ha(-1)).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- farmyard manuree5
- Outcome
- seasonal methane fluxe6
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Value
- 111.6 kg ha(-1)e5
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“followed by farmyard manure (111.6 kg ha(-1))”
e7“as compared to control (21.5 kg ha(-1))”
e6“The greatest seasonal methane flux was observed in wheat straw amended plots (229.6 kg ha(-1))”
e4“Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure gave a higher seasonal methane flux (85.4 kg ha(-1)) than control (21.5 kg ha(-1)).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- green manuree5
- Outcome
- seasonal methane fluxe6
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Value
- 85.4 kg ha(-1)e5
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“green manure (85.4 kg ha(-1))”
e7“as compared to control (21.5 kg ha(-1))”
e6“The greatest seasonal methane flux was observed in wheat straw amended plots (229.6 kg ha(-1))”
e4“Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw compost amended plots had the least seasonal methane flux among the amendments (36.9 kg ha(-1)), but more than control (21.5 kg ha(-1)).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- rice straw compost amended plotse5
- Outcome
- seasonal methane fluxe6
- Direction
- leaste5
- Value
- 36.9 kg ha(-1)e5
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the least from rice straw compost amended plots (36.9 kg ha(-1))”
e7“as compared to control (21.5 kg ha(-1))”
e6“The greatest seasonal methane flux was observed in wheat straw amended plots (229.6 kg ha(-1))”
e4“Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating humified organic matter such as rice straw compost could minimize methane emission from rice fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- incorporation of humified organic matter such as rice straw composte5
- Outcome
- methane emissione5
- Direction
- minimizee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“incorporation of humified organic matter such as rice straw compost could minimize methane emission from rice fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating humified organic matter such as rice straw compost is associated with co-benefits of increased soil fertility and crop productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- incorporation of humified organic matter such as rice straw composte0
- Outcome
- soil fertility and crop productivitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incorporation of humified organic matter such as rice straw compost could minimize methane emission from rice fields”
e1“with co-benefits of increased soil fertility and crop productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The differential effect of organic materials on methane flux was related to total carbon or C:N ratio of the material.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- organic materialse2
- Outcome
- methane fluxe2
- Qualifier
- total carbon or C:N ratioe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The differential effect of organic materials in enhancing methane flux was related to total carbon or C:N ratio of the material”
e4“Application of organic materials enhanced methane emission from rice fields”
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