Abstract
The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets in a range of light conditions (125–375 J cm −2 8-h day −1 ) and carbon dioxide concentrations (325–1500 ppm) in all combinations Plants obtained in January and grown from January to April showed greater final total dry weight and flower dry weight at both higher light intensity and higher carbon dioxide concentration with a strong positive interaction between them, whereas plants obtained in September and grown from September to December did not respond much to increased carbon dioxide concentration and there was only a small positive interaction with light intensity. The plants grown from January to April had larger final leaf areas, larger mean leaf-area ratios due mainly to larger specific leaf areas, and higher mean specific leaf-water contents compared with September–December plants. Despite the difference in specific leaf-water content, leaf area was almost the same linear function of absolute leaf-water content at both times of year. The other vegetative parts also had higher specific water contents throughout the January–April experiment and the lateral branches were longer when compared with the corresponding values for September–December Flower development was slightly faster in September–December and the plants bore on average one flowering branch less compared with January–April plants. Plants in the lower light and carbon dioxide conditions had lower unit leaf rates, but for plants of similar total dry weight the effects of this on dry-matter increment were partially offset by larger leaf areas at both times of year. The January–April plants had greater leaf areas than September–December plants of similar unit leaf rate and total dry weight. The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year For example, the positive interaction in total plant dry weight was smaller in January–April compared with G P A , but larger in September–December. Leaf area, leaf-area ratio, specific leaf area, specific water content of leaf, stem, and root, and lateral branch length, were all larger for B G A in corresponding treatment-combinations in two January–April experiments than in a September–December one, although the difference between the times of year was smaller than for G.P.A except for leaf area which was relatively but not absolutely smaller Dry-matter increment and leaf area showed an inverse relationship for plants of the same total dry weight, as in G P A. In January–April B G.A plants of similar unit leaf rate and total dry weight also had greater leaf areas than in September–December but the differences were not so large as for G.P.A Total dry-matter production was slightly greater for B.G.A. in January–April and considerably greater in September–December compared with G P A , and at both times of year B.G.A. was more leafy, with higher specific water contents for the vegetative parts. It was not possible to determine the cause of the differences in growth obtained at the two times of year. It could have arisen before the cuttings were removed from the stock plants, during propagation, or during the course of the experiments in the growth cabinets.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
In January–April plants, higher light and higher CO2 gave greater final total dry weight and flower dry weight.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifolium
Chrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0 - Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Treatment
- higher light intensity and higher carbon dioxide concentratione1
- Outcome
- final total dry weight and flower dry weighte1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- Plants obtained in January and grown from January to Aprile1
- Setting
- controlled announcement cabinetse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“Plants obtained in January and grown from January to April showed greater final total dry weight and flower dry weight at both higher light intensity and higher carbon dioxide concentration with a strong positive interaction between them”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Light and CO2 interacted positively for final total dry weight in January–April plants.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Treatment
- higher light intensity and higher carbon dioxide concentratione1
- Outcome
- final total dry weighte1
- Direction
- positivee1
- Qualifier
- strong positive interactione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“Plants obtained in January and grown from January to April showed greater final total dry weight and flower dry weight at both higher light intensity and higher carbon dioxide concentration with a strong positive interaction between them”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
September–December plants did not respond much to increased CO2.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Treatment
- increased carbon dioxide concentratione1
- Outcome
- responde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“plants obtained in September and grown from September to December did not respond much to increased carbon dioxide concentration”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
September–December plants showed only a small positive interaction between CO2 and light intensity.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Treatment
- light intensitye2
- Outcome
- interaction with light intensitye2
- Direction
- positivee2
- Qualifier
- only a smalle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e2“there was only a small positive interaction with light intensity”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
January–April plants had larger final leaf areas and leaf-area ratios than September–December plants.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Treatment
- grown from January to Aprile1
- Outcome
- final leaf arease1
- Direction
- largere1
- Qualifier
- larger mean leaf-area ratios due mainly to larger specific leaf arease1
- Comparator
- September–December plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“The plants grown from January to April had larger final leaf areas, larger mean leaf-area ratios due mainly to larger specific leaf areas”
e2“higher mean specific leaf-water contents compared with September–December plants”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
January–April plants had higher specific leaf-water contents in leaves and other vegetative parts than September–December plants.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Outcome
- specific leaf-water contentse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- other vegetative parts also had higher specific water contentse3
- Comparator
- September–December plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e2“higher mean specific leaf-water contents compared with September–December plants”
e3“The other vegetative parts also had higher specific water contents throughout the January–April experiment”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
January–April plants had longer lateral branches than September–December plants.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Outcome
- lateral branchese1
- Direction
- longere1
- Comparator
- September–Decembere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“the lateral branches were longer when compared with the corresponding values for September–December”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area was almost the same linear function of absolute leaf-water content at both times of year.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Treatment
- absolute leaf-water contente1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Qualifier
- almost the same linear functione1
- Setting
- at both times of yeare1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“Despite the difference in specific leaf-water content, leaf area was almost the same linear function of absolute leaf-water content at both times of year”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
September–December flower development was slightly faster and plants bore on average one flowering branch less than January–April plants.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Outcome
- Flower developmente1
- Direction
- fastere1
- Qualifier
- one flowering branch lesse2
- Comparator
- January–April plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“Flower development was slightly faster in September–December”
e2“the plants bore on average one flowering branch less compared with January–April plants”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light and CO2 lowered unit leaf rates, and the effects on dry-matter increment were partially offset by larger leaf areas.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Treatment
- lower light and carbon dioxide conditionse1
- Outcome
- unit leaf ratese1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- the effects of this on dry-matter increment were partially offset by larger leaf arease1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“Plants in the lower light and carbon dioxide conditions had lower unit leaf rates, but for plants of similar total dry weight the effects of this on dry-matter increment were partially offset by larger leaf areas at both times of year”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
January–April plants had greater leaf areas than September–December plants of similar unit leaf rate and total dry weight.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Golden Princess Annee0
- Outcome
- leaf arease1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- of similar unit leaf rate and total dry weighte1
- Comparator
- September–December plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“The January–April plants had greater leaf areas than September–December plants of similar unit leaf rate and total dry weight”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-matter increment and leaf area were inversely related for plants of the same total dry weight.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- G P Ae1
- Outcome
- Dry-matter increment and leaf areae1
- Direction
- inversee1
- Qualifier
- for plants of the same total dry weighte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the cultivar Golden Princess Anne (G.P.A.) was studied in controlled announcement cabinets”
e1“Dry-matter increment and leaf area showed an inverse relationship for plants of the same total dry weight, as in G P A”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne showed effects in the same direction as Golden Princess Anne but smaller, tending to diminish the times-of-year differences.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Bright Golden Annee1
- Outcome
- differences between the times of yeare1
- Direction
- diminishe1
- Qualifier
- in the same direction but smaller in magnitudee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne positive interaction in total plant dry weight was smaller in January–April than in Golden Princess Anne.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Bright Golden Annee1
- Outcome
- positive interaction in total plant dry weighte2
- Direction
- smallere2
- Qualifier
- in January–Aprile2
- Comparator
- G P Ae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
e2“For example, the positive interaction in total plant dry weight was smaller in January–April compared with G P A , but larger in September–December”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne positive interaction in total plant dry weight was larger in September–December than in Golden Princess Anne.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Bright Golden Annee1
- Outcome
- positive interaction in total plant dry weighte2
- Direction
- largere2
- Qualifier
- in September–Decembere2
- Comparator
- G P Ae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
e2“For example, the positive interaction in total plant dry weight was smaller in January–April compared with G P A , but larger in September–December”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne leaf area, leaf-area ratio and specific leaf area were larger in two January–April experiments than in a September–December one.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Bright Golden Annee1
- Outcome
- Leaf area, leaf-area ratio, specific leaf areae2
- Direction
- largere2
- Comparator
- September–Decembere2
- Setting
- two January–April experimentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
e2“Leaf area, leaf-area ratio, specific leaf area, specific water content of leaf, stem, and root, and lateral branch length, were all larger for B G A in corresponding treatment-combinations in two January–April experiments than in a September–December one”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne specific water content of leaf, stem and root was larger in January–April than in September–December.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Bright Golden Annee1
- Outcome
- specific water content of leaf, stem, and roote2
- Direction
- largere2
- Comparator
- September–Decembere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
e2“Leaf area, leaf-area ratio, specific leaf area, specific water content of leaf, stem, and root, and lateral branch length, were all larger for B G A in corresponding treatment-combinations in two January–April experiments than in a September–December one”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne lateral branch length was larger in January–April than in September–December.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Bright Golden Annee1
- Outcome
- lateral branch lengthe2
- Direction
- largere2
- Comparator
- September–Decembere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
e2“Leaf area, leaf-area ratio, specific leaf area, specific water content of leaf, stem, and root, and lateral branch length, were all larger for B G A in corresponding treatment-combinations in two January–April experiments than in a September–December one”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne total dry-matter production was slightly greater in January–April and considerably greater in September–December than Golden Princess Anne.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Bright Golden Annee1
- Outcome
- Total dry-matter productione2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- slightlye2
- Qualifier
- considerably greater in September–Decembere2
- Comparator
- G P Ae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
e2“Total dry-matter production was slightly greater for B.G.A. in January–April and considerably greater in September–December compared with G P A”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bright Golden Anne was more leafy at both times of year, with higher specific water contents in the vegetative parts.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- B.G.A.e2
- Outcome
- specific water contents for the vegetative partse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- more leafye2
- Setting
- at both times of yeare2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The cultivar Bright Golden Anne (B.G.A ) showed effects which were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude, tending to diminish the differences between the times of year”
e2“at both times of year B.G.A. was more leafy, with higher specific water contents for the vegetative parts”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium”
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