Abstract
Rooted cuttings were grown in controlled-environment cabinets at daily visible light totals of 31, 63, 125, and 250 J cm −2 8-h day −1 and carbon dioxide concentrations of 325 and 600 ppm. The experiment was repeated on another occasion with the inclusion of a further carbon dioxide level of 900 ppm. A 5-h tungsten night break was used in the first week to delay flower initiation The plants in the various treatment combinations were sampled by frequent small harvests for leaf area and fresh and dry weights of leaf, stem, root, and flower, and also for various morphological features. Other growth measures were obtained by manipulation of the primary data, including the fitting of progress curves. Plants were respaced at intervals to minimize mutual shading. There was an increase in total dry-matter production with increasing light and carbon dioxide, with a small positive interaction between them. Plants in one experiment had a somewhat higher unit leaf rate and a lower leaf-area ratio, the latter being due to a slightly smaller leaf-weight ratio. The effects of additional carbon dioxide were largely accounted for by increased photosynthesis. Although there were substantial differences in specific leaf area between treatment combinations within each experiment, the leaf-weight ratio was little altered in the period of vegetative growth. The inverse relationship between specific leaf area and unit leaf rate showed a very similar trend for all combinations of light and carbon dioxide concentration. Leaf area was a linear function of absolute leaf water content for all treatment combinations within an experiment, but there was a small significant difference between occasions. Flower development was extremely delayed in the lowest light level and substantially delayed at the next higher level. The number of leaves below the flower decreased with increasing light level Flower weight increased with increasing light above 63 J cm −2 8-h day −1 and with increasing carbon dioxide concentration, there being a positive interaction between them The initial weight and leaf area of cuttings differed for the two experiments, and although the results on the two occasions were in the same direction, their magnitudes were different. Some of the discrepancy was eliminated by expressing the various growth measures as functions of plant dry weight, but there was evidently a difference in the potential for growth of the two batches of cuttings. The plants which were initially smaller had a higher average unit leaf rate which, due to a higher leaf water content, was not offset by a lower leaf area ratio.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter production increased as light increased.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifolium
Chrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0 - Material
- Bright Golden Annet0
- Treatment
- increasing lighte0
- Outcome
- total dry-matter productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in total dry-matter production with increasing light and carbon dioxide, with a small positive interaction between them”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter production increased as carbon dioxide increased, with a small positive interaction with light.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- increasing light and carbon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- total dry-matter productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- small positive interactione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in total dry-matter production with increasing light and carbon dioxide, with a small positive interaction between them”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
One experiment had a higher unit leaf rate.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- unit leaf ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants in one experiment had a somewhat higher unit leaf rate and a lower leaf-area ratio”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
One experiment had a lower leaf-area ratio due to a smaller leaf-weight ratio.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- leaf-area ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- slightly smaller leaf-weight ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower leaf-area ratio, the latter being due to a slightly smaller leaf-weight ratio”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased photosynthesis largely accounted for the effects of additional carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- additional carbon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- increased photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of additional carbon dioxide were largely accounted for by increased photosynthesis”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific leaf area differed substantially among treatment combinations.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- specific leaf areae0
- Direction
- substantial differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were substantial differences in specific leaf area between treatment combinations within each experiment”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-weight ratio changed little during vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- leaf-weight ratioe0
- Direction
- little alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf-weight ratio was little altered in the period of vegetative growth”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific leaf area and unit leaf rate had a similar inverse relationship across light and carbon dioxide combinations.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- light and carbon dioxide concentratione0
- Outcome
- inverse relationship between specific leaf area and unit leaf ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inverse relationship between specific leaf area and unit leaf rate showed a very similar trend for all combinations of light and carbon dioxide concentration”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area was linear in absolute leaf water content, with a small significant difference between experiments.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Compound
- absolute leaf water contente0
- Outcome
- Leaf areae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area was a linear function of absolute leaf water content for all treatment combinations within an experiment, but there was a small significant difference between occasions”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest light level extremely delayed flower development.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- lowest light levele0
- Outcome
- Flower developmente0
- Direction
- extremely delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower development was extremely delayed in the lowest light level and substantially delayed at the next higher level”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
The next higher light level substantially delayed flower development.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- next higher levele0
- Outcome
- Flower developmente0
- Direction
- substantially delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower development was extremely delayed in the lowest light level and substantially delayed at the next higher level”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves below the flower decreased with increasing light.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- increasing light levele0
- Outcome
- number of leaves below the flowere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of leaves below the flower decreased with increasing light level”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower weight increased with light above 63 J cm −2 8-h day −1.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- increasing lighte0
- Outcome
- Flower weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- above 63 J cm −2 8-h day −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower weight increased with increasing light above 63 J cm −2 8-h day −1”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower weight increased with carbon dioxide, with a positive interaction with light.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- increasing carbon dioxide concentratione0
- Outcome
- Flower weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- positive interactione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower weight increased with increasing light above 63 J cm −2 8-h day −1 and with increasing carbon dioxide concentration, there being a positive interaction between them”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial cutting weight and leaf area differed between experiments.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- initial weight and leaf area of cuttingse0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initial weight and leaf area of cuttings differed for the two experiments”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Results across experiments pointed in the same direction but differed in magnitude.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- magnitudese0
- Direction
- differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results on the two occasions were in the same direction, their magnitudes were different”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Expressing growth measures against plant dry weight eliminated some between-batch discrepancy.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- discrepancye0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
- Comparator
- plant dry weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some of the discrepancy was eliminated by expressing the various growth measures as functions of plant dry weight”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
The two cutting batches differed in growth potential.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- potential for growthe0
- Direction
- differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was evidently a difference in the potential for growth of the two batches of cuttings”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Initially smaller plants had higher average unit leaf rate.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- plants which were initially smallere0
- Outcome
- average unit leaf ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants which were initially smaller had a higher average unit leaf rate”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf water content offset a lower leaf area ratio in initially smaller plants.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- plants which were initially smallere1
- Outcome
- leaf area ratioe0
- Qualifier
- higher leaf water contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to a higher leaf water content, was not offset by a lower leaf area ratio”
e1“The plants which were initially smaller had a higher average unit leaf rate”
t0“Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne”
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.